文章目录 基于Nodejs作为服务端,React作为前端框架,axios作为通讯框架,实现滑块验证 1. 为什么要自己写滑块验证 2. 滑块验证的整体思路 3. 具体实现 4. 总结
基于Nodejs作为服务端,React作为前端框架,axios作为通讯框架,实现滑块验证
1. 为什么要自己写滑块验证
之前我面试一位前端的童鞋,应聘的是高级前端开发工程师,我问他在项目中有没有实现过滑块验证,他说有,我说你怎么做的,他说有很多的现成的框架可以用,我说不用框架,现在想让你自己设计一个滑块验证,你会怎么设计,他支支吾吾好半天,大概表达这么几点: 前端实现一个容器图片和和滑块图片 拖动滑块图片,判断边界,到达制定边界则表示验证成功 这听起来貌似没啥问题吧,听我接下来怎么问,我说你这验证都放前端了,那不相当于没验证,我直接模拟结果不就可以了 他想了想,又说,可以在服务端设定一个坐标点(x,y)然后把前端的坐标点传过去进行比较,判断是否完成验证 也貌似合理,我又问他,那你怎么保证重复验证和过期验证,或者说DOS的攻击 这次他想了很久,最后告诉我说,平时框架用的多,这个真的没弄过,很诚实,但是能看出来,缺乏思考。 这也是为什么我们要自己写滑块验证的根本原因,保证系统的安全性,防止DOS等安全问题 那具体怎么实现一个滑块验证呢,我们来大概阐述一下思路
2. 滑块验证的整体思路
前端领取接口,告知服务端准备验证 服务端创建会话,并管理会话周期 进行DOS攻击验证(访问频率限制) 定义主图尺寸,滑块尺寸 生成主图和滑块图 生成滑块随机位置,并保存在会话里 返回会话ID和图像 前端生成生成图像和滑块 监听开始滑动,滑动,滑动结束等事件 滑动事件结束后,请求服务端接口,返回会话ID和位置信息 服务端验证会话信息和DOS攻击处理 服务端验证是否完整滑块验证/成功->返回suc->删除会话/失败->返回fail 前端验证成功/失败的逻辑业务
3. 具体实现
3.1 服务端
const express = require ( 'express' ) ;
const cors = require ( 'cors' ) ;
const canvas = require ( 'canvas' ) ;
const { v4 : uuidv4 } = require ( 'uuid' ) ;
const rateLimit = require ( 'express-rate-limit' ) ;
const app = express ( ) ;
app. use ( cors ( ) ) ;
app. use ( express. json ( ) ) ;
const generateVerificationLimiter = rateLimit ( { windowMs : 60 * 1000 , max : 10 , message : { success : false , message : '请求过于频繁,请1分钟后再试' } , standardHeaders : true , legacyHeaders : false , keyGenerator : ( req ) => { return req. ip; }
} ) ;
const verifyLimiter = rateLimit ( { windowMs : 60 * 1000 , max : 20 , message : { success : false , message : '验证请求过于频繁,请1分钟后再试' } , standardHeaders : true , legacyHeaders : false , keyGenerator : ( req ) => { return req. ip; }
} ) ;
const verificationSessions = new Map ( ) ;
const ipVerificationSuccess = new Map ( ) ;
setInterval ( ( ) => { const now = Date. now ( ) ; const oneHour = 60 * 60 * 1000 ; ipVerificationSuccess. forEach ( ( record, ip ) => { if ( now - record. timestamp > oneHour) { ipVerificationSuccess. delete ( ip) ; } } ) ;
} , 60 * 60 * 1000 ) ;
app. get ( '/api/generate-verification' , generateVerificationLimiter, async ( req, res ) => { try { const clientIp = req. ip; const successRecord = ipVerificationSuccess. get ( clientIp) || { count : 0 , timestamp : Date. now ( ) } ; if ( successRecord. count > 50 ) { return res. status ( 429 ) . json ( { success : false , message : '您的操作过于频繁,请稍后再试' } ) ; } const width = 300 ; const height = 150 ; const puzzleSize = 40 ; const puzzleX = Math. floor ( Math. random ( ) * ( width - puzzleSize * 2 ) ) + puzzleSize; const puzzleY = Math. floor ( Math. random ( ) * ( height - puzzleSize) ) ; const mainCanvas = canvas. createCanvas ( width, height) ; const mainCtx = mainCanvas. getContext ( '2d' ) ; mainCtx. fillStyle = '#f0f0f0' ; mainCtx. fillRect ( 0 , 0 , width, height) ; for ( let i = 0 ; i < 10 ; i++ ) { mainCtx. fillStyle = ` rgba( ${ Math. random ( ) * 100 + 100 } , ${ Math. random ( ) * 100 + 100 } , ${ Math. random ( ) * 100 + 100 } , 0.5) ` ; const size = Math. random ( ) * 20 + 5 ; mainCtx. beginPath ( ) ; mainCtx. arc ( Math. random ( ) * width, Math. random ( ) * height, size, 0 , Math. PI * 2 ) ; mainCtx. fill ( ) ; } const puzzleCanvas = canvas. createCanvas ( puzzleSize, puzzleSize) ; const puzzleCtx = puzzleCanvas. getContext ( '2d' ) ; puzzleCtx. drawImage ( mainCanvas, puzzleX, puzzleY, puzzleSize, puzzleSize, 0 , 0 , puzzleSize, puzzleSize ) ; mainCtx. fillStyle = '#f0f0f0' ; mainCtx. fillRect ( puzzleX, puzzleY, puzzleSize, puzzleSize) ; mainCtx. strokeStyle = '#ccc' ; mainCtx. lineWidth = 2 ; mainCtx. strokeRect ( puzzleX, puzzleY, puzzleSize, puzzleSize) ; const sessionId = uuidv4 ( ) ; verificationSessions. set ( sessionId, { puzzleX, puzzleY, timestamp : Date. now ( ) , clientIp } ) ; setTimeout ( ( ) => { verificationSessions. delete ( sessionId) ; } , 5 * 60 * 1000 ) ; res. json ( { sessionId, mainImage : mainCanvas. toDataURL ( 'image/png' ) , puzzleImage : puzzleCanvas. toDataURL ( 'image/png' ) , puzzleSize } ) ; } catch ( error) { console. error ( '生成验证图像失败:' , error) ; res. status ( 500 ) . json ( { error : '生成验证图像失败' } ) ; }
} ) ;
app. post ( '/api/verify' , verifyLimiter, ( req, res ) => { const { sessionId, positionX } = req. body; const clientIp = req. ip; const session = verificationSessions. get ( sessionId) ; if ( ! session) { return res. json ( { success : false , message : '验证会话已过期,请重试' } ) ; } if ( session. clientIp !== clientIp) { verificationSessions. delete ( sessionId) ; return res. json ( { success : false , message : '验证异常,请重试' } ) ; } verificationSessions. delete ( sessionId) ; const tolerance = 5 ; const isSuccess = Math. abs ( positionX - session. puzzleX) <= tolerance; if ( isSuccess) { const now = Date. now ( ) ; const successRecord = ipVerificationSuccess. get ( clientIp) || { count : 0 , timestamp : now } ; ipVerificationSuccess. set ( clientIp, { count : successRecord. count + 1 , timestamp : now} ) ; } res. json ( { success : isSuccess, message : isSuccess ? '验证成功' : '验证失败,请重试' } ) ;
} ) ;
const PORT = process. env. PORT || 5000 ;
app. listen ( PORT , ( ) => { console. log ( ` 服务器运行在端口 ${ PORT } ` ) ; console. log ( ` 已启用请求频率限制保护 ` ) ;
} ) ;
3.2 前端
使用React hooks实现 滑块组件SliderVerification.jsx
import React, { useState, useEffect, useRef } from 'react' ;
import axios from 'axios' ;
const SliderVerification = ( { onVerifySuccess } ) => { const [ mainImage, setMainImage] = useState ( '' ) ; const [ puzzleImage, setPuzzleImage] = useState ( '' ) ; const [ puzzleSize, setPuzzleSize] = useState ( 40 ) ; const [ sessionId, setSessionId] = useState ( '' ) ; const [ isDragging, setIsDragging] = useState ( false ) ; const [ positionX, setPositionX] = useState ( 0 ) ; const [ message, setMessage] = useState ( '请拖动滑块完成验证' ) ; const [ isVerifying, setIsVerifying] = useState ( false ) ; const [ isSuccess, setIsSuccess] = useState ( null ) ; const sliderRef = useRef ( null ) ; const puzzleRef = useRef ( null ) ; const containerRef = useRef ( null ) ; useEffect ( ( ) => { fetchVerificationImage ( ) ; } , [ ] ) ; const fetchVerificationImage = async ( ) => { try { setMessage ( '加载验证图像中...' ) ; const response = await axios. get ( 'http://localhost:5000/api/generate-verification' ) ; const { sessionId, mainImage, puzzleImage, puzzleSize } = response. data; setSessionId ( sessionId) ; setMainImage ( mainImage) ; setPuzzleImage ( puzzleImage) ; setPuzzleSize ( puzzleSize) ; setPositionX ( 0 ) ; setMessage ( '请拖动滑块完成验证' ) ; setIsSuccess ( null ) ; } catch ( error) { console. error ( '获取验证图像失败:' , error) ; setMessage ( '加载验证失败,请刷新重试' ) ; } } ; const handleStart = ( e ) => { if ( isVerifying || isSuccess !== null ) return ; setIsDragging ( true ) ; e. preventDefault ( ) ; } ; const handleMove = ( e ) => { if ( ! isDragging) return ; const containerRect = containerRef. current. getBoundingClientRect ( ) ; let clientX; if ( e. type. includes ( 'mouse' ) ) { clientX = e. clientX; } else { clientX = e. touches[ 0 ] . clientX; } let newPositionX = clientX - containerRect. left - puzzleSize / 2 ; const maxX = containerRect. width - puzzleSize; newPositionX = Math. max ( 0 , Math. min ( newPositionX, maxX) ) ; setPositionX ( newPositionX) ; } ; const handleEnd = async ( ) => { if ( ! isDragging) return ; setIsDragging ( false ) ; setIsVerifying ( true ) ; setMessage ( '验证中...' ) ; try { const response = await axios. post ( 'http://localhost:5000/api/verify' , { sessionId, positionX } ) ; const { success, message } = response. data; setIsSuccess ( success) ; setMessage ( message) ; setIsVerifying ( false ) ; if ( success && onVerifySuccess) { onVerifySuccess ( ) ; } } catch ( error) { console. error ( '验证失败:' , error) ; setMessage ( '验证失败,请重试' ) ; setIsVerifying ( false ) ; } } ; const handleRefresh = ( ) => { fetchVerificationImage ( ) ; } ; return ( < div className= "verification-container" ref= { containerRef} style= { { width : '300px' , border : '1px solid #ddd' , borderRadius : '8px' , padding : '15px' , boxShadow : '0 2px 10px rgba(0,0,0,0.1)' , background : '#fff' } } > { } < div className= "image-container" style= { { width : '100%' , height : '150px' , position : 'relative' , overflow : 'hidden' , borderRadius : '4px' , marginBottom : '15px' } } > { } { mainImage && ( < img src= { mainImage} alt= "验证背景图,包含一个需要填充的缺口" style= { { width : '100%' , height : '100%' , objectFit : 'cover' } } / > ) } { } { puzzleImage && ( < div ref= { puzzleRef} style= { { position : 'absolute' , left : ` ${ positionX} px ` , top : '0' , width : ` ${ puzzleSize} px ` , height : ` ${ puzzleSize} px ` , boxShadow : '0 0 10px rgba(0,0,0,0.3)' , pointerEvents : 'none' } } > < img src= { puzzleImage} alt= "需要拖动到缺口位置的滑块拼图" style= { { width : '100%' , height : '100%' , objectFit : 'cover' } } / > < / div> ) } < / div> { } < div className= "slider-container" style= { { width : '100%' , height : '40px' , background : '#f0f0f0' , borderRadius : '20px' , position : 'relative' , overflow : 'hidden' } } > { } < div style= { { width : isDragging || isSuccess ? ` ${ ( positionX / ( 300 - puzzleSize) ) * 100 } % ` : '0%' , height : '100%' , background : isSuccess ? '#52c41a' : '#1890ff' , transition : isSuccess ? 'width 0.3s' : 'none' } } / > { } < divref= { sliderRef} style= { { position : 'absolute' , left : ` ${ positionX} px ` , top : '0' , width : '40px' , height : '40px' , background : '#fff' , border : '1px solid #ddd' , borderRadius : '50%' , display : 'flex' , alignItems : 'center' , justifyContent : 'center' , cursor : 'pointer' , boxShadow : '0 2px 5px rgba(0,0,0,0.2)' } } onMouseDown= { handleStart} onMouseMove= { handleMove} onMouseUp= { handleEnd} onMouseLeave= { handleEnd} onTouchStart= { handleStart} onTouchMove= { handleMove} onTouchEnd= { handleEnd} > { } < svg width= "20" height= "20" viewBox= "0 0 24 24" fill= "none" stroke= { isSuccess ? '#52c41a' : '#1890ff' } strokeWidth= "2" style= { { pointerEvents : 'none' } } > { } { isSuccess ? ( < path d= "M22 11.08V12a10 10 0 1 1-5.93-9.14" / > ) : ( < path d= "M5 12h14M12 5l7 7-7 7" / > ) } < / svg> < / div> { } < div style= { { position : 'absolute' , width : '100%' , height : '100%' , display : 'flex' , alignItems : 'center' , justifyContent : 'center' , pointerEvents : 'none' , fontSize : '14px' , color : isSuccess ? '#52c41a' : '#666' } } > { message} < / div> < / div> { } < button onClick= { handleRefresh} style= { { marginTop : '10px' , background : 'none' , border : 'none' , color : '#1890ff' , cursor : 'pointer' , fontSize : '12px' , display : 'flex' , alignItems : 'center' , padding : '5px 0' , } } > { } < svg width= "14" height= "14" viewBox= "0 0 24 24" fill= "none" stroke= "#1890ff" strokeWidth= "2" style= { { marginRight : '5px' } } > < path d= "M23 4v6h-6M1 20v-6h6" / > < path d= "M3.51 9a9 9 0 0 1 14.85-3.36L23 10M1 14l4.64 4.36A9 9 0 0 0 20.49 15" / > < / svg> 刷新验证< / button> < / div> ) ;
} ;
export default SliderVerification;
import React, { useState } from 'react' ;
import SliderVerification from './SliderVerification' ;
const App = ( ) => { const [ isVerified, setIsVerified] = useState ( false ) ; const handleVerificationSuccess = ( ) => { setIsVerified ( true ) ; } ; return ( < div style= { { display : 'flex' , flexDirection : 'column' , alignItems : 'center' , justifyContent : 'center' , minHeight : '100vh' , background : '#f5f5f5' , padding : '20px' } } > { } < h2 style= { { color : '#333' , marginBottom : '30px' } } > 滑块验证示例< / h2> { } { ! isVerified ? ( < div> < p style= { { color : '#666' , textAlign : 'center' , marginBottom : '20px' } } > 请完成下方滑块验证以证明您不是机器人< / p> { } { } < SliderVerification onVerifySuccess= { handleVerificationSuccess} / > < / div> ) : ( < div style= { { textAlign : 'center' , padding : '30px' , background : 'white' , borderRadius : '8px' , boxShadow : '0 2px 10px rgba(0,0,0,0.1)' } } > { } < svg width= "64" height= "64" viewBox= "0 0 24 24" fill= "none" stroke= "#52c41a" strokeWidth= "2" style= { { margin : '0 auto 20px' } } > < path d= "M22 11.08V12a10 10 0 1 1-5.93-9.14" / > < polyline points= "22 4 12 14.01 9 11.01" / > < / svg> { } < h3 style= { { color : '#333' , marginBottom : '10px' } } > 验证成功!< / h3> { } < p style= { { color : '#666' } } > 您已成功完成验证,可以继续使用服务。< / p> < / div> ) } < / div> ) ;
} ;
export default App;
4. 总结
作为一个高级前端开发工程师或者再往上技术专家/架构师,一定要有自己设计实现的思考能力,才能在具体的业务中做到安全防控