Qt UDP通信学习
一、项目概述
本项目基于Qt框架实现了UDP通信功能，支持单播与广播消息收发，展示了UDP套接字的基本用法，适合初学者学习Qt网络模块的实际应用。
二、项目结构
- 55.pro：Qt工程文件，配置模块与源码文件
- main.cpp：程序入口，初始化应用与主窗口
- widget.h / widget.cpp：主窗口类，包含UI与核心逻辑
- widget.ui：界面文件（未展示，需在Qt Designer中查看）
三、环境配置
- Qt 5.x及以上
- 启用network、widgets模块
- C++11支持
四、核心代码详解
1. main.cpp
#include "widget.h"
#include <QApplication>
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{QApplication a(argc, argv);Widget w;w.show();return a.exec();
}
2. widget.h
#ifndef WIDGET_H
#define WIDGET_H
#include <QWidget>
#include <QUdpSocket>
QT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
namespace Ui { class Widget; }
QT_END_NAMESPACE
class Widget : public QWidget
{Q_OBJECT
public:Widget(QWidget *parent = nullptr);~Widget();
private:Ui::Widget *ui; // UI指针QUdpSocket *udpSocket; // UDP套接字对象
private slots:void readPendingDatagrams(); // 接收数据槽void on_pushButton_3_clicked(); // 单播发送按钮槽void on_pushButton_clicked(); // 绑定端口按钮槽void on_pushButton_2_clicked(); // 解除绑定按钮槽void on_pushButton_4_clicked(); // 广播发送按钮槽void mStateChanged(QAbstractSocket::SocketState); // 状态变化槽
};
#endif // WIDGET_H
3. widget.cpp
#include "widget.h"
#include "ui_widget.h"
Widget::Widget(QWidget *parent): QWidget(parent), ui(new Ui::Widget)
{ui->setupUi(this);udpSocket = new QUdpSocket(this);ui->pushButton_2->setEnabled(false);connect(udpSocket, SIGNAL(readyRead()), this, SLOT(readPendingDatagrams()));connect(udpSocket, SIGNAL(stateChanged(QAbstractSocket::SocketState)), this, SLOT(mStateChanged(QAbstractSocket::SocketState)));
}
Widget::~Widget()
{delete ui;
}
void Widget::readPendingDatagrams()
{QByteArray tmpByteArray;tmpByteArray.resize(udpSocket->pendingDatagramSize());QHostAddress ipaddr;quint16 port;while (udpSocket->hasPendingDatagrams()) {udpSocket->readDatagram(tmpByteArray.data(), tmpByteArray.size(), &ipaddr, &port);ui->textBrowser->append("接收来自：" + ipaddr.toString() + ":" + QString::number(port) + tmpByteArray);}
}
void Widget::on_pushButton_3_clicked()
{ui->textBrowser->append("发送：" + ui->lineEdit->text());udpSocket->writeDatagram(ui->lineEdit->text().toUtf8(), QHostAddress("127.0.0.1"), 7755);
}
void Widget::on_pushButton_clicked()
{ui->pushButton->setEnabled(false);ui->pushButton_2->setEnabled(true);udpSocket->bind(8888);
}
void Widget::on_pushButton_2_clicked()
{udpSocket->abort();ui->pushButton->setEnabled(true);ui->pushButton_2->setEnabled(false);
}
void Widget::on_pushButton_4_clicked()
{ui->textBrowser->append("发送：" + ui->lineEdit->text());udpSocket->writeDatagram(ui->lineEdit->text().toUtf8(), QHostAddress::Broadcast, 7755);
}
void Widget::mStateChanged(QAbstractSocket::SocketState socketState)
{switch (socketState) {case QAbstractSocket::BoundState:ui->textBrowser->append("socket状态BoundState");default:break;}
}
)
)