HarmonyOS鸿蒙应用规格开发指南

在鸿蒙生态系统中，应用规格是确保应用符合系统要求的基础。本文将深入探讨鸿蒙应用的规格开发实践，帮助开发者打造符合规范的应用。

应用包结构规范

1. 基本配置要求

包结构规范

符合规范的应用包结构
正确的HAP配置文件
完整的应用信息

示例配置：

// app.json5 配置文件示例
{"app": {"bundleName": "com.example.myapp","vendor": "example","versionCode": 1000000,"versionName": "1.0.0","icon": "$media:app_icon","label": "MyApp","minAPIVersion": 9,"targetAPIVersion": 9,"apiReleaseType": "Release","deviceTypes": ["phone","tablet","foldable"]}
}

模块配置规范

正确的bundleName
一致的versionCode
完整的模块信息

示例配置：

// module.json5 配置文件示例
{"module": {"name": "entry","type": "entry","description": "Main module","mainElement": "EntryAbility","deviceTypes": ["phone","tablet","foldable"],"deliveryWithInstall": true,"installationFree": false,"pages": "$profile:main_pages","abilities": [{"name": "EntryAbility","srcEntry": "./ets/entryability/EntryAbility.ets","description": "Main ability","icon": "$media:icon","label": "Entry","startWindowIcon": "$media:icon","startWindowBackground": "$color:start_window_background","exported": true,"skills": [{"entities": ["entity.system.home"],"actions": ["action.system.home"]}]}]}
}

2. 权限管理规范

权限声明规范

明确声明所需权限
合理使用权限
遵循最小权限原则

示例配置：

// 权限声明示例
{"module": {"requestPermissions": [{"name": "ohos.permission.INTERNET","reason": "用于访问网络","usedScene": {"abilities": ["EntryAbility"],"when": "always"}},{"name": "ohos.permission.READ_MEDIA","reason": "用于读取媒体文件","usedScene": {"abilities": ["EntryAbility"],"when": "always"}}]}
}

应用功能规范

1. 应用链接规范

App Linking实现

使用App Linking实现应用跳转
配置正确的链接参数
处理链接跳转逻辑

示例代码：

// App Linking实现示例
import appLinking from '@ohos.app.ability.appLinking';class AppLinkingManager {async initAppLinking() {// 注册App Linkingawait appLinking.registerAppLinking({bundleName: 'com.example.myapp',abilityName: 'EntryAbility',parameters: {key: 'value'}});}async handleAppLinking(uri: string) {// 处理App Linkingconst params = await appLinking.parseAppLinking(uri);// 根据参数执行相应操作this.handleLinkingParams(params);}private handleLinkingParams(params: any) {// 处理链接参数if (params.key === 'value') {// 执行相应操作}}
}

2. 设备支持规范

设备类型支持

明确声明支持的设备类型
实现设备适配
处理设备特性

示例代码：

// 设备支持示例
import deviceInfo from '@ohos.deviceInfo';class DeviceSupportManager {async checkDeviceSupport() {// 获取设备信息const deviceType = await deviceInfo.getDeviceType();// 检查设备支持if (this.isDeviceSupported(deviceType)) {this.enableDeviceFeatures();} else {this.handleUnsupportedDevice();}}private isDeviceSupported(deviceType: string): boolean {const supportedTypes = ['phone', 'tablet', 'foldable'];return supportedTypes.includes(deviceType);}
}

应用发布规范

1. 发布要求

基本要求

支持64位so文件
提供应用图标
设置正确的显示名称

示例配置：

// 发布配置示例
{"app": {"bundleName": "com.example.myapp","versionCode": 1000000,"versionName": "1.0.0","icon": "$media:app_icon","label": "MyApp","apiReleaseType": "Release"}
}

2. 元服务规范

元服务要求

不使用64位so文件
提供有意义显示名称
符合元服务规范

示例配置：

// 元服务配置示例
{"app": {"bundleName": "com.example.metaservice","versionCode": 1000000,"versionName": "1.0.0","icon": "$media:meta_icon","label": "MetaService","type": "meta"}
}