OSG系列文章目录

前言

先看下效果：下雨

效果：下雪


效果：雨夹雪

🌤️ Sundog Software 的 SilverLining SDK 是一个专为模拟真实天空和天气效果而设计的高性能图形库，广泛应用于飞行模拟、虚拟现实、游戏和科学可视化等领域。下面是它的核心功能介绍：

☁️ 3D动态云层系统
SilverLining 提供多种真实云层类型，支持动态变化和体积渲染：

积云（Cumulus）：包括 Cumulus Mediocris、Congestus、Towering Cumulus、Cumulonimbus 等，支持体积建模、云成长动画、随风漂移。

层云（Stratus）：适合模拟低空覆盖的厚重云层，支持雾化和光照穿透。

卷云（Cirrus）：高空薄云，用于增强天空真实感。

沙尘暴（Sandstorm）：模拟沙尘天气，带有特殊的雾效和颜色。

云层支持 无限区域覆盖、随时间变化、随风移动，并可通过配置文件或 API 动态控制。

降水系统（雨、雪、雨夹雪）
SilverLining 的降水系统支持三种主要天气粒子效果：

类型 控制参数示例 特效说明
雨（RAIN） SetPrecipitation(RAIN, intensity) 模拟雨滴下落、雨丝、地面湿润感
雪（SNOW） SetPrecipitation(SNOW, intensity) 模拟雪花飘落、雪粒旋转、积雪感
雨夹雪（SLEET） SetPrecipitation(SLEET, intensity) 混合雨雪效果，粒子更稠密
🔧 可调参数包括：

粒子数量（如 rain-max-particles）

粒子大小（如 rain-streak-width-multiplier、snowflake-size-multiplier）

可见度影响（如 rain-visibility-multiplier）

雨丝亮度、雪花颜色、粒子速度等

📁 所有这些都可以通过 SilverLining.config 文件进行精细调节，也可以在运行时通过 API 动态修改。

🌌 天空与光照模拟
真实的太阳、月亮、星辰轨道计算

晨昏光线（Crepuscular Rays），俗称“上帝之光”

HDR色调映射，自动调整亮度与对比度

天空颜色算法：支持 Hosek-Wilkie 模型，模拟不同大气条件下的天空色彩

⚡ 其他高级特效
闪电模拟：支持闪电分支、光照影响、HDR增强

云影图：自动生成云层阴影，增强真实感

从太空看地球大气边缘：支持地心坐标系渲染

🧩 集成与兼容性

支持 OpenGL、DirectX、Vulkan 渲染管线

提供 C++ 和 C# API

可与 Unity、osgEarth、OpenSceneGraph 等平台集成

跨平台支持：Windows、Linux、macOS、iOS、Android

一、3d动态云与下雨、下雪效果不能同时出现

遇到的问题：3d动态云与下雨、下雪效果不能同时出现

二、3d动态云与下雨、下雪效果不能同时出现的原因

这是 SilverLining SDK 的一个常见“陷阱”，其实并不是你的云层消失了，而是能见度效果在起作用。
SilverLining 在启用降水（如雨、雪、雨夹雪）时，会自动模拟真实天气中的能见度降低。这意味着：

云层距离摄像机较远时，会被“雾化”或“淡出”处理。

降水强度越高，能见度越低，云层越容易被遮蔽。

三、解决办法：

🛠️ 解决方法： 你可以通过修改配置文件 SilverLining.config 来调整或关闭这种能见度衰减效果：
找到SilverLining SDK安装路径：我的路径是
D:\workSpace\osg\sundog\SilverLining SDK\resources\SilverLining.config

1.提高能见度倍率：雨、雪、雨夹雪

# the simulated visibility here.
rain-visibility-multiplier = 5.0# A similar fudge factor for snow visibility
snow-visibility-multiplier = 50.0# And for sleet
sleet-visibility-multiplier = 1.0

2.完全关闭能见度衰减：

enable-precipitation-visibility-effects = no
apply-fog-from-cloud-precipitation = no

添加代码：

cumulusCongestusLayer->SetPrecipitation(SilverLining::CloudLayer::RAIN, 30.0);

🌧️ 参数说明：

RAIN 是降水类型（你也可以选择 DRY_SNOW、WET_SNOW或 SLEET）。

20.0 是降水强度，单位是毫米/小时。你可以根据需要调整这个值。
完整代码：
头文件

// Copyright (c) 2008-2012 Sundog Software, LLC. All rights reserved worldwide.#pragma once#include <osg/Drawable>
#include <osgViewer/Viewer>
#include "SilverLining.h"class AtmosphereReference;
class SkyDrawable;// SilverLining now supports separate cull and update methods, so we hook into OSG's cull and update
// passes using callbacks on our Drawable object.
struct SilverLiningCullCallback : public osg::Drawable::CullCallback
{SilverLiningCullCallback() : atmosphere(0) {}virtual bool cull(osg::NodeVisitor* nv, osg::Drawable* drawable, osg::RenderInfo* renderInfo) const { if (atmosphere)  {atmosphere->CullObjects();}return false; }SilverLining::Atmosphere *atmosphere;
};// Our update callback just marks our bounds dirty each frame (since they move with the camera.)
struct SilverLiningUpdateCallback : public osg::Drawable::UpdateCallback
{SilverLiningUpdateCallback() : camera(0) {}virtual void update(osg::NodeVisitor*, osg::Drawable* drawable);osg::Camera *camera;
};// We also hook in with a bounding box callback to tell OSG how big our skybox is, plus the
// atmospheric limb if applicable.
struct SilverLiningSkyComputeBoundingBoxCallback : public osg::Drawable::ComputeBoundingBoxCallback
{SilverLiningSkyComputeBoundingBoxCallback() : camera(0) {}virtual osg::BoundingBox computeBound(const osg::Drawable&) const;osg::Camera *camera;
};// The SkyDrawable wraps SilverLining to handle updates, culling, and drawing of the skybox - and works together with a CloudsDrawable
// to draw the clouds toward the end of the scene.
class SkyDrawable : public osg::Drawable
{
public:SkyDrawable();SkyDrawable(osgViewer::Viewer* view);virtual bool isSameKindAs(const Object* obj) const {return dynamic_cast<const SkyDrawable*>(obj)!=NULL;}virtual Object* cloneType() const {return new SkyDrawable();}virtual Object* clone(const osg::CopyOp& copyop) const {return new SkyDrawable();}void setSkyboxSize(double size) {_skyboxSize = size;}double getSkyboxSize() const {return _skyboxSize;}virtual void drawImplementation(osg::RenderInfo& renderInfo) const;protected:void setLighting(SilverLining::Atmosphere *atm) const;void initializeSilverLining(AtmosphereReference *ar) const;void initializeDrawable();void logCloudInfo(SilverLining::Atmosphere* atmosphere) const;osgViewer::Viewer* _view;double _skyboxSize;SilverLiningCullCallback *cullCallback;SilverLiningUpdateCallback *updateCallback;SilverLiningSkyComputeBoundingBoxCallback *computeBoundingBoxCallback;
};

实现文件：

// Copyright (c) 2008-2012 Sundog Software, LLC. All rights reserved worldwide.#include "SkyDrawable.h"
#include "SilverLining.h"
#include "AtmosphereReference.h"#include <GL/gl.h>
#include <GL/glu.h>
#include <assert.h>using namespace SilverLining;SkyDrawable::SkyDrawable(): osg::Drawable(), _view(0), _skyboxSize(100000)
{
}SkyDrawable::SkyDrawable(osgViewer::Viewer* view): osg::Drawable(), _view(view), _skyboxSize(100000)
{initializeDrawable();
}void SkyDrawable::initializeDrawable()
{setDataVariance(osg::Object::DYNAMIC);setUseVertexBufferObjects(false);setUseDisplayList(false);cullCallback = new SilverLiningCullCallback();setCullCallback(cullCallback);updateCallback = new SilverLiningUpdateCallback();updateCallback->camera = _view->getCamera();setUpdateCallback(updateCallback);computeBoundingBoxCallback = new SilverLiningSkyComputeBoundingBoxCallback();computeBoundingBoxCallback->camera = _view->getCamera();setComputeBoundingBoxCallback(computeBoundingBoxCallback);
}void SkyDrawable::setLighting(SilverLining::Atmosphere *atmosphere) const
{osg::Light *light = _view->getLight();osg::Vec4 ambient, diffuse;osg::Vec3 direction;if (atmosphere && light) {float ra, ga, ba, rd, gd, bd, x, y, z;atmosphere->GetAmbientColor(&ra, &ga, &ba);atmosphere->GetSunOrMoonColor(&rd, &gd, &bd);atmosphere->GetSunOrMoonPosition(&x, &y, &z);direction = osg::Vec3(x, y, z);ambient = osg::Vec4(ra, ga, ba, 1.0);diffuse = osg::Vec4(rd, gd, bd, 1.0);direction.normalize();light->setAmbient(ambient);light->setDiffuse(diffuse);light->setSpecular(osg::Vec4(0,0,0,1));light->setPosition(osg::Vec4(direction.x(), direction.y(), direction.z(), 0));}
}void SkyDrawable::initializeSilverLining(AtmosphereReference *ar) const
{if (ar && !ar->atmosphereInitialized) {ar->atmosphereInitialized = true; // only try once.SilverLining::Atmosphere *atmosphere = ar->atmosphere;if (atmosphere) {srand(1234); // constant random seed to ensure consistent clouds across windows// Update the path below to where you installed SilverLining's resources folder.const char *slPath = getenv("SILVERLINING_PATH");if (!slPath) {printf("Can't find SilverLining; set the SILVERLINING_PATH environment variable ");printf("to point to the directory containing the SDK.\n");exit(0);}std::string resPath(slPath);
#ifdef _WIN32resPath += "\\Resources\\";
#elseresPath += "/Resources/";
#endifint ret = atmosphere->Initialize(SilverLining::Atmosphere::OPENGL, resPath.c_str(),true, 0);if (ret != SilverLining::Atmosphere::E_NOERROR) {printf("SilverLining failed to initialize; error code %d.\n", ret);printf("Check that the path to the SilverLining installation directory is set properly ");printf("in SkyDrawable.cpp (in SkyDrawable::initializeSilverLining)\n");exit(0);}// Let SilverLining know which way is up. OSG usually has Z going up.atmosphere->SetUpVector(0, 0, 1);atmosphere->SetRightVector(1, 0, 0);// Set our location (change this to your own latitude and longitude)SilverLining::Location loc;loc.SetAltitude(0);loc.SetLatitude(45);loc.SetLongitude(-122);atmosphere->GetConditions()->SetLocation(loc);// Set the time to noon in PSTSilverLining::LocalTime t;t.SetFromSystemTime();t.SetHour(12);t.SetTimeZone(PST);atmosphere->GetConditions()->SetTime(t);// Center the clouds around the camera's initial positionosg::Vec3d pos = _view->getCameraManipulator()->getMatrix().getTrans();SilverLining::CloudLayer *cumulusCongestusLayer;cumulusCongestusLayer = SilverLining::CloudLayerFactory::Create(CUMULUS_CONGESTUS, *atmosphere);  //STRATUS //CUMULUS_CONGESTUS,CUMULUS_CONGESTUScumulusCongestusLayer->SetPrecipitation(SilverLining::CloudLayer::SLEET, 30.0);cumulusCongestusLayer->SetIsInfinite(true);cumulusCongestusLayer->SetBaseAltitude(4000);cumulusCongestusLayer->SetThickness(1500);//设置云层厚度cumulusCongestusLayer->SetBaseLength(80000); //40000cumulusCongestusLayer->SetBaseWidth(80000); //40000cumulusCongestusLayer->SetDensity(0.8);cumulusCongestusLayer->SetAlpha(0.8);cumulusCongestusLayer->SetWind(10.0f, 0.0f);  //设置风速和风向cumulusCongestusLayer->SetCloudAnimationEffects(1.0, true, 0, 0);//翻滚或卷动//cumulusCongestusLayer->SetPrecipitation(SilverLining::CloudLayer::DRY_SNOW, 20.0);cumulusCongestusLayer->SetFadeTowardEdges(true);//cumulusCongestusLayer->EnableFadeTowardGround(true);//cumulusCongestusLayer->EnablePrecipitationShadowing(true);          // 让雨水与环境互动//cumulusCongestusLayer->EnableFadeTowardGround(true);// Note, we pass in X and -Y since this accepts "east" and "south" coordinates.cumulusCongestusLayer->SetLayerPosition(pos.x(), -pos.y());cumulusCongestusLayer->SeedClouds(*atmosphere);atmosphere->GetConditions()->AddCloudLayer(cumulusCongestusLayer);cullCallback->atmosphere = atmosphere;}}
}void SkyDrawable::drawImplementation(osg::RenderInfo& renderInfo) const
{SilverLining::Atmosphere *atmosphere = 0;AtmosphereReference *ar = dynamic_cast<AtmosphereReference *>(renderInfo.getCurrentCamera()->getUserData());if (ar) atmosphere = ar->atmosphere;renderInfo.getState()->disableAllVertexArrays();if (atmosphere) {initializeSilverLining(ar);osg::Matrix projMat = renderInfo.getState()->getProjectionMatrix();atmosphere->SetProjectionMatrix(projMat.ptr());osg::Matrix viewMat = renderInfo.getCurrentCamera()->getViewMatrix();atmosphere->SetCameraMatrix(viewMat.ptr());atmosphere->DrawSky(true, false, _skyboxSize, true, false);setLighting(atmosphere);}//if (atmosphere) {//	initializeSilverLining(ar);//	osg::Matrix projMat = renderInfo.getState()->getProjectionMatrix();//	atmosphere->SetProjectionMatrix(projMat.ptr());//	osg::Matrix viewMat = renderInfo.getCurrentCamera()->getViewMatrix();//	atmosphere->SetCameraMatrix(viewMat.ptr());//	atmosphere->DrawSky(true, false, _skyboxSize, true, false);//	setLighting(atmosphere);//	// 新增：渲染云层和降水//	//atmosphere->DrawObjects(true, true, true);//}//logCloudInfo(atmosphere);renderInfo.getState()->dirtyAllVertexArrays();
}void SkyDrawable::logCloudInfo(SilverLining::Atmosphere* atmosphere) const{if (!atmosphere) {std::cerr << "Atmosphere 是空指针！" << std::endl;return;}SilverLining::AtmosphericConditions* conditions = atmosphere->GetConditions();if (!conditions) {std::cerr << "无法获取 AtmosphericConditions！" << std::endl;return;}// 自动推导类型，避免手动书写 allocatorconst auto& layers = conditions->GetCloudLayers();std::cout << "云层数量：" << layers.size() << std::endl;for (const auto& entry : layers) {int id = entry.first;const SilverLining::CloudLayer* layer = entry.second;if (layer) {std::cout << "云层 ID " << id<< "：高度=" << layer->GetBaseAltitude()<< " 厚度=" << layer->GetThickness()<< " 密度=" << layer->GetDensity()<< " 透明度=" << layer->GetAlpha()<< std::endl;}}
}void SilverLiningUpdateCallback::update(osg::NodeVisitor*, osg::Drawable* drawable)
{SilverLining::Atmosphere *atmosphere = 0;AtmosphereReference *ar = dynamic_cast<AtmosphereReference *>(camera->getUserData());if (ar) {if (!ar->atmosphereInitialized) return;atmosphere = ar->atmosphere;}//if (atmosphere) {//    atmosphere->UpdateSkyAndClouds();//}// Since the skybox bounds are a function of the camera position, always update the bounds.drawable->dirtyBound();
}osg::BoundingBox SilverLiningSkyComputeBoundingBoxCallback::computeBound(const osg::Drawable& drawable) const
{osg::BoundingBox box;if (camera) {const SkyDrawable& skyDrawable = dynamic_cast<const SkyDrawable&>(drawable);SilverLining::Atmosphere *atmosphere = 0;AtmosphereReference *ar = dynamic_cast<AtmosphereReference *>(camera->getUserData());if (ar) {atmosphere = ar->atmosphere;}if (atmosphere) {double skyboxSize;if (skyDrawable.getSkyboxSize() != 0.0) {skyboxSize = skyDrawable.getSkyboxSize();} else {skyboxSize = atmosphere->GetConfigOptionDouble("sky-box-size");if (skyboxSize == 0.0) skyboxSize = 1000.0;}double radius = skyboxSize * 0.5;osg::Vec3f eye, center, up;camera->getViewMatrixAsLookAt(eye, center, up);osg::Vec3d camPos = eye;osg::Vec3d min(camPos.x() - radius, camPos.y() - radius, camPos.z() - radius);osg::Vec3d max(camPos.x() + radius, camPos.y() + radius, camPos.z() + radius);box.set(min, max);double dToOrigin = camPos.length();bool hasLimb = atmosphere->GetConfigOptionBoolean("enable-atmosphere-from-space");if (hasLimb) {// Compute bounds of atmospheric limb centered at 0,0,0double earthRadius = atmosphere->GetConfigOptionDouble("earth-radius-meters");double atmosphereHeight = earthRadius ++ atmosphere->GetConfigOptionDouble("atmosphere-height");double atmosphereThickness = atmosphere->GetConfigOptionDouble("atmosphere-scale-height-meters")+ earthRadius;osg::BoundingBox atmosphereBox;osg::Vec3d atmMin(-atmosphereThickness, -atmosphereThickness, -atmosphereThickness);osg::Vec3d atmMax(atmosphereThickness, atmosphereThickness, atmosphereThickness);// Expand these bounds by itbox.expandBy(atmosphereBox);}}}return box;
}