目录
Three 介绍
创建基础3D场景
创建不同类型的3D模型
1. 球体
2. 圆柱体
3. 平面
加载外部3D模型
添加交互控制
创建可交互的3D场景
Three 介绍
Three.js是一个强大的JavaScript 3D库，可以轻松地在网页中创建3D图形。下面我将介绍如何在Vue项目中使用Three.js创建简单的3D模型。
官网
https://threejs.org/
创建 vue 项目
npm create vue@latest
安装 three
npm install three项目拖入IDE
创建基础3D场景
<template><div ref="container" class="three-container"></div></template><script>import * as THREE from 'three';export default {name: 'Simple3DModel',mounted() {this.initThreeJS();},methods: {initThreeJS() {// 1. 创建场景const scene = new THREE.Scene();scene.background = new THREE.Color(0xf0f0f0);// 2. 创建相机const camera = new THREE.PerspectiveCamera(75, // 视野角度this.$refs.container.clientWidth / this.$refs.container.clientHeight, // 宽高比0.1, // 近截面1000 // 远截面);camera.position.z = 5;// 3. 创建渲染器const renderer = new THREE.WebGLRenderer({ antialias: true });renderer.setSize(this.$refs.container.clientWidth,this.$refs.container.clientHeight);this.$refs.container.appendChild(renderer.domElement);// 4. 添加光源const ambientLight = new THREE.AmbientLight(0xffffff, 0.5);scene.add(ambientLight);const directionalLight = new THREE.DirectionalLight(0xffffff, 0.8);directionalLight.position.set(1, 1, 1);scene.add(directionalLight);// 5. 创建简单几何体const geometry = new THREE.BoxGeometry(1, 1, 1);const material = new THREE.MeshStandardMaterial({color: 0x00ff00,metalness: 0.1,roughness: 0.5});const cube = new THREE.Mesh(geometry, material);scene.add(cube);// 6. 动画循环const animate = () => {requestAnimationFrame(animate);cube.rotation.x += 0.01;cube.rotation.y += 0.01;renderer.render(scene, camera);};animate();// 7. 处理窗口大小变化window.addEventListener('resize', () => {camera.aspect = this.$refs.container.clientWidth / this.$refs.container.clientHeight;camera.updateProjectionMatrix();renderer.setSize(this.$refs.container.clientWidth,this.$refs.container.clientHeight);});// 保存实例以便销毁时清理this.scene = scene;this.camera = camera;this.renderer = renderer;this.cube = cube;}},beforeDestroy() {// 清理资源if (this.renderer) {this.renderer.dispose();this.$refs.container.removeChild(this.renderer.domElement);}window.removeEventListener('resize', this.handleResize);}};</script><style>.three-container {width: 100%;height: 500px;}</style>
创建不同类型的3D模型
1. 球体
const geometry = new THREE.SphereGeometry(1, 32, 32);const material = new THREE.MeshStandardMaterial({color: 0x4169e1,wireframe: false});const sphere = new THREE.Mesh(geometry, material);scene.add(sphere);
2. 圆柱体
const geometry = new THREE.CylinderGeometry(0.5, 0.5, 2, 32);const material = new THREE.MeshStandardMaterial({ color: 0xff6347 });const cylinder = new THREE.Mesh(geometry, material);scene.add(cylinder);
3. 平面
const geometry = new THREE.PlaneGeometry(5, 5);const material = new THREE.MeshStandardMaterial({color: 0xcccccc,side: THREE.DoubleSide});const plane = new THREE.Mesh(geometry, material);plane.rotation.x = Math.PI / 2; // 旋转使其水平scene.add(plane);
加载外部3D模型
Three.js支持加载多种格式的3D模型，如GLTF、OBJ、FBX等。以下是加载GLTF模型的示例：
首先安装GLTF加载器：
npm install three @types/three --savenpm install three-gltf-loader
在组件中使用：
import { GLTFLoader } from 'three/examples/jsm/loaders/GLTFLoader';// 在methods中添加loadModel() {const loader = new GLTFLoader();loader.load('/path/to/model.gltf',(gltf) => {this.scene.add(gltf.scene);},undefined,(error) => {console.error('An error happened:', error);});}
添加交互控制
可以使用OrbitControls来添加鼠标交互控制：
安装：
npm install three-orbitcontrolsimport { OrbitControls } from 'three/examples/jsm/controls/OrbitControls';// 在initThreeJS方法中添加const controls = new OrbitControls(camera, renderer.domElement);controls.enableDamping = true; // 启用阻尼效果controls.dampingFactor = 0.05;// 在animate函数中更新controlscontrols.update();
完整的案例
创建可交互的3D场景
<template><div ref="container" class="three-container"></div></template><script>import * as THREE from 'three';import { OrbitControls } from 'three/examples/jsm/controls/OrbitControls';export default {name: 'Interactive3DScene',mounted() {this.initThreeJS();},methods: {initThreeJS() {// 场景const scene = new THREE.Scene();scene.background = new THREE.Color(0xf0f0f0);// 相机const camera = new THREE.PerspectiveCamera(75,this.$refs.container.clientWidth / this.$refs.container.clientHeight,0.1,1000);camera.position.set(0, 2, 5);// 渲染器const renderer = new THREE.WebGLRenderer({ antialias: true });renderer.setSize(this.$refs.container.clientWidth,this.$refs.container.clientHeight);renderer.shadowMap.enabled = true;this.$refs.container.appendChild(renderer.domElement);// 控制器const controls = new OrbitControls(camera, renderer.domElement);controls.enableDamping = true;controls.dampingFactor = 0.05;// 光源const ambientLight = new THREE.AmbientLight(0xffffff, 0.5);scene.add(ambientLight);const directionalLight = new THREE.DirectionalLight(0xffffff, 0.8);directionalLight.position.set(5, 10, 7);directionalLight.castShadow = true;directionalLight.shadow.mapSize.width = 1024;directionalLight.shadow.mapSize.height = 1024;scene.add(directionalLight);// 地面const groundGeometry = new THREE.PlaneGeometry(10, 10);const groundMaterial = new THREE.MeshStandardMaterial({color: 0xcccccc,side: THREE.DoubleSide});const ground = new THREE.Mesh(groundGeometry, groundMaterial);ground.rotation.x = -Math.PI / 2;ground.receiveShadow = true;scene.add(ground);// 添加一些3D物体this.addObjects(scene);// 动画循环const animate = () => {requestAnimationFrame(animate);controls.update();renderer.render(scene, camera);};animate();// 窗口大小调整window.addEventListener('resize', this.handleResize);// 保存实例this.scene = scene;this.camera = camera;this.renderer = renderer;this.controls = controls;},addObjects(scene) {// 立方体const cubeGeometry = new THREE.BoxGeometry(1, 1, 1);const cubeMaterial = new THREE.MeshStandardMaterial({color: 0x00ff00,metalness: 0.3,roughness: 0.4});const cube = new THREE.Mesh(cubeGeometry, cubeMaterial);cube.position.set(-2, 0.5, 0);cube.castShadow = true;scene.add(cube);// 球体const sphereGeometry = new THREE.SphereGeometry(0.7, 32, 32);const sphereMaterial = new THREE.MeshStandardMaterial({color: 0x4169e1,metalness: 0.5,roughness: 0.1});const sphere = new THREE.Mesh(sphereGeometry, sphereMaterial);sphere.position.set(0, 0.7, 0);sphere.castShadow = true;scene.add(sphere);// 圆柱体const cylinderGeometry = new THREE.CylinderGeometry(0.5, 0.5, 1.5, 32);const cylinderMaterial = new THREE.MeshStandardMaterial({color: 0xff6347,metalness: 0.1,roughness: 0.8});const cylinder = new THREE.Mesh(cylinderGeometry, cylinderMaterial);cylinder.position.set(2, 0.75, 0);cylinder.castShadow = true;scene.add(cylinder);},handleResize() {this.camera.aspect = this.$refs.container.clientWidth / this.$refs.container.clientHeight;this.camera.updateProjectionMatrix();this.renderer.setSize(this.$refs.container.clientWidth,this.$refs.container.clientHeight);}},beforeDestroy() {if (this.renderer) {this.renderer.dispose();this.$refs.container.removeChild(this.renderer.domElement);}window.removeEventListener('resize', this.handleResize);}};</script><style>.three-container {width: 100%;height: 500px;}</style>
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