名人说:路漫漫其修远兮,吾将上下而求索。—— 屈原《离骚》
创作者:Code_流苏(CSDN)(一个喜欢古诗词和编程的Coder😊)
专栏介绍:《编程项目实战》
目录
- 一、系统概述与设计思路
- 1. 系统核心功能
- 2. 技术架构设计
- 二、核心类设计与数据结构
- 1. 时间系统设计
- 2. 书籍类设计
- 3. 借阅记录类
- 三、时间系统与状态管理
- 1. 智能时间推进机制
- 2. 状态转换管理
- 四、核心功能实现详解
- 1. 借书功能实现
- 2. 超期检测与提醒
- 3. 黑名单管理系统
- 五、用户界面与交互设计
- 1. 菜单驱动设计
- 2. 预设测试数据
- 六、完整源代码实现
- 七、总结与扩展思考
在数字化时代,传统的图书馆管理方式已经无法满足现代化需求。今天,我们将通过C++语言,从零开始构建一个功能完整的图书馆借阅记录系统。这个系统不仅能够管理书籍和借阅者信息,还具备智能的超期提醒、黑名单管理等高级功能。无论你是C++初学者还是想要提升项目经验的开发者,这个教程都将为你提供宝贵的实践经验。
一、系统概述与设计思路
1. 系统核心功能
我们的图书馆管理系统包含以下核心模块:
- 书籍管理:添加书籍、分类查询、状态跟踪
- 借阅者管理:用户注册、黑名单管理
- 借阅记录:借书、还书、历史记录查询
- 智能提醒:超期检测、自动提醒
- 统计分析:系统数据统计、状态监控
2. 技术架构设计
系统采用面向对象编程思想,将复杂的业务逻辑分解为若干个相互协作的类:
// 核心枚举定义
enum BookStatus { AVAILABLE, BORROWED, RESERVED };
enum BookCategory { FICTION, SCIENCE, HISTORY, TECHNOLOGY, OTHER };
这种设计不仅提高了代码的可维护性,还为后续功能扩展奠定了坚实基础。
二、核心类设计与数据结构
1. 时间系统设计
系统的时间管理是整个项目的基础,我们设计了一个简单而实用的SimpleTime
类:
class SimpleTime {
private:static int currentDay; // 系统当前天数public:int day;string dateStr;SimpleTime() {day = currentDay;updateDateString();}static void advanceDay() {currentDay++;cout << "系统时间已推进到第" << currentDay << "天\n";}bool isOverdue(int borrowDays) const {return (currentDay - day) > borrowDays;}
};
设计亮点:
- 使用静态变量
currentDay
统一管理系统时间 - 提供时间推进功能,便于测试超期场景
- 封装超期判断逻辑,提高代码复用性
2. 书籍类设计
Book
类是系统的核心数据结构之一:
class Book {
public:int bookId;string title;string author;BookCategory category;BookStatus status;Book(int id, const string& t, const string& a, BookCategory cat) : bookId(id), title(t), author(a), category(cat), status(AVAILABLE) {}string getCategoryName() const {switch(category) {case FICTION: return "小说";case SCIENCE: return "科学";case HISTORY: return "历史";case TECHNOLOGY: return "技术";default: return "其他";}}
};
核心特性:
- 自动生成书籍ID,避免重复
- 状态管理清晰,支持可借、已借出、预留三种状态
- 分类管理便于检索和统计
3. 借阅记录类
BorrowRecord
类实现了完整的借阅生命周期管理:
class BorrowRecord {
public:int recordId;int bookId;int borrowerId;SimpleTime borrowTime;SimpleTime returnTime;bool isReturned;int borrowDays;bool isOverdue() const {return !isReturned && borrowTime.isOverdue(borrowDays);}int getOverdueDays() const {if (!isReturned && isOverdue()) {return borrowTime.getDaysElapsed() - borrowDays;}return 0;}
};
三、时间系统与状态管理
1. 智能时间推进机制
系统实现了灵活的时间管理机制,支持手动推进时间来模拟实际使用场景:
// 初始化静态变量
int SimpleTime::currentDay = 1;void Library::advanceTime() {SimpleTime::advanceDay();
}
这种设计使得我们可以轻松测试各种时间相关的功能,如超期检测、到期提醒等。
2. 状态转换管理
书籍状态在系统中的转换遵循严格的业务规则:
AVAILABLE
→BORROWED
:成功借出BORROWED
→AVAILABLE
:正常归还AVAILABLE
→RESERVED
:预留功能(可扩展)
四、核心功能实现详解
1. 借书功能实现
借书功能是系统的核心,需要进行多重验证:
bool Library::borrowBook(int bookId, int borrowerId, int days = 30) {// 查找书籍vector<Book>::iterator bookIt;for (bookIt = books.begin(); bookIt != books.end(); ++bookIt) {if (bookIt->bookId == bookId) break;}if (bookIt == books.end()) {cout << "错误:书籍不存在!\n";return false;}// 查找借阅者vector<Borrower>::iterator borrowerIt;for (borrowerIt = borrowers.begin(); borrowerIt != borrowers.end(); ++borrowerIt) {if (borrowerIt->borrowerId == borrowerId) break;}if (borrowerIt == borrowers.end()) {cout << "错误:借阅者不存在!\n";return false;}// 检查黑名单if (borrowerIt->isBlacklisted) {cout << "错误:借阅者在黑名单中,无法借书!\n";return false;}// 检查书籍状态if (bookIt->status != AVAILABLE) {cout << "错误:书籍不可借!当前状态: " << bookIt->getStatusName() << "\n";return false;}// 创建借阅记录records.push_back(BorrowRecord(nextRecordId++, bookId, borrowerId, days));bookIt->status = BORROWED;cout << "借书成功!记录ID: " << nextRecordId - 1 << "\n";return true;
}
关键验证步骤:
- 验证书籍存在性
- 验证借阅者有效性
- 检查黑名单状态
- 确认书籍可借状态
- 创建借阅记录并更新状态
2. 超期检测与提醒
系统提供智能的超期检测功能:
void Library::checkOverdueBooks() {cout << "\n=== 超期书籍提醒 ===\n";cout << "当前系统时间:第" << SimpleTime::getCurrentDay() << "天\n\n";bool hasOverdue = false;for (vector<BorrowRecord>::iterator it = records.begin(); it != records.end(); ++it) {if (it->isOverdue()) {hasOverdue = true;cout << "超期记录:\n";it->display();// 显示详细信息for (vector<Borrower>::iterator bit = borrowers.begin(); bit != borrowers.end(); ++bit) {if (bit->borrowerId == it->borrowerId) {cout << "借阅者: " << bit->name << " (" << bit->phone << ")\n";break;}}cout << "---\n";}}if (!hasOverdue) {cout << "没有超期的书籍。\n";}
}
3. 黑名单管理系统
为了维护图书馆秩序,系统实现了完整的黑名单管理:
void Library::addToBlacklist(int borrowerId) {for (vector<Borrower>::iterator it = borrowers.begin(); it != borrowers.end(); ++it) {if (it->borrowerId == borrowerId) {it->isBlacklisted = true;cout << "借阅者 " << it->name << " 已加入黑名单。\n";return;}}cout << "错误:借阅者不存在!\n";
}
五、用户界面与交互设计
1. 菜单驱动设计
系统采用清晰的菜单驱动界面,提供直观的操作体验:
void showMenu() {cout << "\n======= 图书馆借阅记录系统 =======\n";cout << "1. 添加书籍\n";cout << "2. 添加借阅者\n";cout << "3. 借书\n";cout << "4. 还书\n";cout << "5. 超期提醒\n";cout << "6. 黑名单管理\n";cout << "7. 分类查询\n";cout << "8. 借阅者历史记录\n";cout << "9. 显示所有书籍\n";cout << "10. 显示所有借阅者\n";cout << "11. 显示所有借阅记录\n";cout << "12. 查询可借书籍\n";cout << "13. 系统统计\n";cout << "14. 时间推进\n";cout << "0. 退出\n";cout << "================================\n";cout << "请选择操作: ";
}
2. 预设测试数据
为了便于测试和演示,系统在启动时会自动加载测试数据:
// 预设测试数据
library.addBook("C++程序设计", "谭浩强", TECHNOLOGY);
library.addBook("三国演义", "罗贯中", FICTION);
library.addBook("相对论", "爱因斯坦", SCIENCE);
library.addBook("中国通史", "范文澜", HISTORY);
library.addBook("数据结构", "严蔚敏", TECHNOLOGY);library.addBorrower("张三", "13800138000");
library.addBorrower("李四", "13900139000");
library.addBorrower("王五", "13700137000");
六、完整源代码实现
以下是完整的系统实现代码:
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <string>
#include <algorithm>
#include <iomanip>
using namespace std;// 书籍状态枚举
enum BookStatus {AVAILABLE, // 可借BORROWED, // 已借出RESERVED // 预留
};// 书籍类别枚举
enum BookCategory {FICTION, // 小说SCIENCE, // 科学HISTORY, // 历史TECHNOLOGY, // 技术OTHER // 其他
};// 简单时间系统(使用天数计数)
class SimpleTime {
private:static int currentDay; // 系统当前天数public:int day;string dateStr;SimpleTime() {day = currentDay;updateDateString();}SimpleTime(int d) : day(d) {updateDateString();}void updateDateString() {// 简单的日期格式:第X天char buffer[50];sprintf(buffer, "第%d天", day);dateStr = string(buffer);}static void advanceDay() {currentDay++;cout << "系统时间已推进到第" << currentDay << "天\n";}static int getCurrentDay() {return currentDay;}bool isOverdue(int borrowDays) const {return (currentDay - day) > borrowDays;}int getDaysElapsed() const {return currentDay - day;}string toString() const {return dateStr;}
};// 初始化静态变量
int SimpleTime::currentDay = 1;// 书籍类
class Book {
public:int bookId;string title;string author;BookCategory category;BookStatus status;Book(int id, const string& t, const string& a, BookCategory cat) : bookId(id), title(t), author(a), category(cat), status(AVAILABLE) {}string getCategoryName() const {switch(category) {case FICTION: return "小说";case SCIENCE: return "科学";case HISTORY: return "历史";case TECHNOLOGY: return "技术";default: return "其他";}}string getStatusName() const {switch(status) {case AVAILABLE: return "可借";case BORROWED: return "已借出";case RESERVED: return "预留";default: return "未知";}}void display() const {cout << "书籍ID: " << bookId << "\n"<< "书名: " << title << "\n"<< "作者: " << author << "\n"<< "类别: " << getCategoryName() << "\n"<< "状态: " << getStatusName() << "\n";}
};// 借阅者类
class Borrower {
public:int borrowerId;string name;string phone;bool isBlacklisted;Borrower(int id, const string& n, const string& p) : borrowerId(id), name(n), phone(p), isBlacklisted(false) {}void display() const {cout << "借阅者ID: " << borrowerId << "\n"<< "姓名: " << name << "\n"<< "电话: " << phone << "\n"<< "黑名单状态: " << (isBlacklisted ? "是" : "否") << "\n";}
};// 借阅记录类
class BorrowRecord {
public:int recordId;int bookId;int borrowerId;SimpleTime borrowTime;SimpleTime returnTime;bool isReturned;int borrowDays; // 借阅天数限制BorrowRecord(int rid, int bid, int brid, int days = 30) : recordId(rid), bookId(bid), borrowerId(brid), borrowTime(), isReturned(false), borrowDays(days), returnTime(0) {}bool isOverdue() const {return !isReturned && borrowTime.isOverdue(borrowDays);}void returnBook() {isReturned = true;returnTime = SimpleTime();}int getOverdueDays() const {if (!isReturned && isOverdue()) {return borrowTime.getDaysElapsed() - borrowDays;}return 0;}void display() const {cout << "记录ID: " << recordId << "\n"<< "书籍ID: " << bookId << "\n"<< "借阅者ID: " << borrowerId << "\n"<< "借阅时间: " << borrowTime.toString() << "\n";if (isReturned) {cout << "归还时间: " << returnTime.toString() << "\n";cout << "实际借阅天数: " << (returnTime.day - borrowTime.day) << "天\n";} else {cout << "状态: 未归还\n";cout << "已借阅天数: " << borrowTime.getDaysElapsed() << "天\n";if (isOverdue()) {cout << "*** 已超期 " << getOverdueDays() << " 天 ***\n";}}cout << "借阅期限: " << borrowDays << "天\n";}
};// 图书馆管理系统类
class Library {
private:vector<Book> books;vector<Borrower> borrowers;vector<BorrowRecord> records;int nextBookId;int nextBorrowerId;int nextRecordId;public:Library() : nextBookId(1), nextBorrowerId(1), nextRecordId(1) {}// 添加书籍void addBook(const string& title, const string& author, BookCategory category) {books.push_back(Book(nextBookId++, title, author, category));cout << "书籍添加成功!书籍ID: " << nextBookId - 1 << "\n";}// 添加借阅者void addBorrower(const string& name, const string& phone) {borrowers.push_back(Borrower(nextBorrowerId++, name, phone));cout << "借阅者添加成功!借阅者ID: " << nextBorrowerId - 1 << "\n";}// 借书bool borrowBook(int bookId, int borrowerId, int days = 30) {// 查找书籍vector<Book>::iterator bookIt;for (bookIt = books.begin(); bookIt != books.end(); ++bookIt) {if (bookIt->bookId == bookId) break;}if (bookIt == books.end()) {cout << "错误:书籍不存在!\n";return false;}// 查找借阅者vector<Borrower>::iterator borrowerIt;for (borrowerIt = borrowers.begin(); borrowerIt != borrowers.end(); ++borrowerIt) {if (borrowerIt->borrowerId == borrowerId) break;}if (borrowerIt == borrowers.end()) {cout << "错误:借阅者不存在!\n";return false;}// 检查借阅者是否在黑名单if (borrowerIt->isBlacklisted) {cout << "错误:借阅者在黑名单中,无法借书!\n";return false;}// 检查书籍状态if (bookIt->status != AVAILABLE) {cout << "错误:书籍不可借!当前状态: " << bookIt->getStatusName() << "\n";return false;}// 创建借阅记录records.push_back(BorrowRecord(nextRecordId++, bookId, borrowerId, days));bookIt->status = BORROWED;cout << "借书成功!记录ID: " << nextRecordId - 1 << "\n";cout << "借阅时间: " << SimpleTime::getCurrentDay() << "天,归还期限: " << (SimpleTime::getCurrentDay() + days) << "天\n";return true;}// 还书bool returnBook(int bookId, int borrowerId) {// 查找未归还的借阅记录vector<BorrowRecord>::iterator recordIt;for (recordIt = records.begin(); recordIt != records.end(); ++recordIt) {if (recordIt->bookId == bookId && recordIt->borrowerId == borrowerId && !recordIt->isReturned) {break;}}if (recordIt == records.end()) {cout << "错误:未找到对应的借阅记录!\n";return false;}// 查找书籍vector<Book>::iterator bookIt;for (bookIt = books.begin(); bookIt != books.end(); ++bookIt) {if (bookIt->bookId == bookId) break;}// 归还处理recordIt->returnBook();bookIt->status = AVAILABLE;// 检查是否超期if (recordIt->isOverdue()) {cout << "警告:此书已超期归还!超期 " << recordIt->getOverdueDays() << " 天\n";cout << "建议将借阅者加入监控名单。\n";} else {cout << "正常归还,感谢您按时归还图书!\n";}cout << "还书成功!\n";return true;}// 超期提醒void checkOverdueBooks() {cout << "\n=== 超期书籍提醒 ===\n";cout << "当前系统时间:第" << SimpleTime::getCurrentDay() << "天\n\n";bool hasOverdue = false;for (vector<BorrowRecord>::iterator it = records.begin(); it != records.end(); ++it) {if (it->isOverdue()) {hasOverdue = true;cout << "超期记录:\n";it->display();// 显示借阅者信息for (vector<Borrower>::iterator bit = borrowers.begin(); bit != borrowers.end(); ++bit) {if (bit->borrowerId == it->borrowerId) {cout << "借阅者: " << bit->name << " (" << bit->phone << ")\n";break;}}// 显示书籍信息for (vector<Book>::iterator bkit = books.begin(); bkit != books.end(); ++bkit) {if (bkit->bookId == it->bookId) {cout << "书籍: " << bkit->title << " - " << bkit->author << "\n";break;}}cout << "---\n";}}if (!hasOverdue) {cout << "没有超期的书籍。\n";}}// 黑名单管理void addToBlacklist(int borrowerId) {for (vector<Borrower>::iterator it = borrowers.begin(); it != borrowers.end(); ++it) {if (it->borrowerId == borrowerId) {it->isBlacklisted = true;cout << "借阅者 " << it->name << " 已加入黑名单。\n";return;}}cout << "错误:借阅者不存在!\n";}void removeFromBlacklist(int borrowerId) {for (vector<Borrower>::iterator it = borrowers.begin(); it != borrowers.end(); ++it) {if (it->borrowerId == borrowerId) {it->isBlacklisted = false;cout << "借阅者 " << it->name << " 已从黑名单移除。\n";return;}}cout << "错误:借阅者不存在!\n";}// 显示黑名单void showBlacklist() {cout << "\n=== 黑名单用户 ===\n";bool hasBlacklisted = false;for (vector<Borrower>::iterator it = borrowers.begin(); it != borrowers.end(); ++it) {if (it->isBlacklisted) {hasBlacklisted = true;it->display();cout << "---\n";}}if (!hasBlacklisted) {cout << "黑名单为空。\n";}}// 分类查询void queryBooksByCategory(BookCategory category) {cout << "\n=== 按类别查询书籍 ===\n";bool found = false;for (vector<Book>::iterator it = books.begin(); it != books.end(); ++it) {if (it->category == category) {found = true;it->display();cout << "---\n";}}if (!found) {cout << "该类别下没有书籍。\n";}}// 查询可借书籍void queryAvailableBooks() {cout << "\n=== 可借书籍 ===\n";bool found = false;for (vector<Book>::iterator it = books.begin(); it != books.end(); ++it) {if (it->status == AVAILABLE) {found = true;it->display();cout << "---\n";}}if (!found) {cout << "当前没有可借的书籍。\n";}}// 查询借阅者的借阅记录void queryBorrowerHistory(int borrowerId) {cout << "\n=== 借阅者历史记录 ===\n";bool found = false;for (vector<BorrowRecord>::iterator it = records.begin(); it != records.end(); ++it) {if (it->borrowerId == borrowerId) {found = true;it->display();cout << "---\n";}}if (!found) {cout << "该借阅者没有借阅记录。\n";}}// 系统统计void showStatistics() {cout << "\n=== 系统统计信息 ===\n";cout << "总书籍数量: " << books.size() << "\n";cout << "注册借阅者数量: " << borrowers.size() << "\n";cout << "总借阅记录数: " << records.size() << "\n";int availableBooks = 0, borrowedBooks = 0;for (vector<Book>::iterator it = books.begin(); it != books.end(); ++it) {if (it->status == AVAILABLE) availableBooks++;else if (it->status == BORROWED) borrowedBooks++;}cout << "可借书籍: " << availableBooks << "\n";cout << "已借出书籍: " << borrowedBooks << "\n";int blacklistedUsers = 0;for (vector<Borrower>::iterator it = borrowers.begin(); it != borrowers.end(); ++it) {if (it->isBlacklisted) blacklistedUsers++;}cout << "黑名单用户: " << blacklistedUsers << "\n";int overdueBooks = 0;for (vector<BorrowRecord>::iterator it = records.begin(); it != records.end(); ++it) {if (it->isOverdue()) overdueBooks++;}cout << "超期书籍: " << overdueBooks << "\n";cout << "当前系统时间: 第" << SimpleTime::getCurrentDay() << "天\n";}// 时间推进void advanceTime() {SimpleTime::advanceDay();}// 显示所有书籍void displayAllBooks() {cout << "\n=== 所有书籍 ===\n";if (books.empty()) {cout << "暂无书籍记录。\n";return;}for (vector<Book>::iterator it = books.begin(); it != books.end(); ++it) {it->display();cout << "---\n";}}// 显示所有借阅者void displayAllBorrowers() {cout << "\n=== 所有借阅者 ===\n";if (borrowers.empty()) {cout << "暂无借阅者记录。\n";return;}for (vector<Borrower>::iterator it = borrowers.begin(); it != borrowers.end(); ++it) {it->display();cout << "---\n";}}// 显示所有借阅记录void displayAllRecords() {cout << "\n=== 所有借阅记录 ===\n";if (records.empty()) {cout << "暂无借阅记录。\n";return;}for (vector<BorrowRecord>::iterator it = records.begin(); it != records.end(); ++it) {it->display();cout << "---\n";}}
};// 显示主菜单
void showMenu() {cout << "\n======= 图书馆借阅记录系统 =======\n";cout << "1. 添加书籍\n";cout << "2. 添加借阅者\n";cout << "3. 借书\n";cout << "4. 还书\n";cout << "5. 超期提醒\n";cout << "6. 黑名单管理\n";cout << "7. 分类查询\n";cout << "8. 借阅者历史记录\n";cout << "9. 显示所有书籍\n";cout << "10. 显示所有借阅者\n";cout << "11. 显示所有借阅记录\n";cout << "12. 查询可借书籍\n";cout << "13. 系统统计\n";cout << "14. 时间推进\n";cout << "0. 退出\n";cout << "================================\n";cout << "请选择操作: ";
}// 黑名单管理子菜单
void blacklistMenu(Library& lib) {int choice, borrowerId;cout << "\n=== 黑名单管理 ===\n";cout << "1. 加入黑名单\n";cout << "2. 移出黑名单\n";cout << "3. 查看黑名单\n";cout << "请选择: ";cin >> choice;switch(choice) {case 1:cout << "请输入借阅者ID: ";cin >> borrowerId;lib.addToBlacklist(borrowerId);break;case 2:cout << "请输入借阅者ID: ";cin >> borrowerId;lib.removeFromBlacklist(borrowerId);break;case 3:lib.showBlacklist();break;default:cout << "无效选择!\n";}
}// 分类查询子菜单
void categoryMenu(Library& lib) {int choice;cout << "\n=== 书籍分类查询 ===\n";cout << "1. 小说\n";cout << "2. 科学\n";cout << "3. 历史\n";cout << "4. 技术\n";cout << "5. 其他\n";cout << "请选择类别: ";cin >> choice;BookCategory category;switch(choice) {case 1: category = FICTION; break;case 2: category = SCIENCE; break;case 3: category = HISTORY; break;case 4: category = TECHNOLOGY; break;case 5: category = OTHER; break;default:cout << "无效选择!\n";return;}lib.queryBooksByCategory(category);
}int main() {Library library;int choice;// 预设一些测试数据library.addBook("C++程序设计", "谭浩强", TECHNOLOGY);library.addBook("三国演义", "罗贯中", FICTION);library.addBook("相对论", "爱因斯坦", SCIENCE);library.addBook("中国通史", "范文澜", HISTORY);library.addBook("数据结构", "严蔚敏", TECHNOLOGY);library.addBorrower("张三", "13800138000");library.addBorrower("李四", "13900139000");library.addBorrower("王五", "13700137000");cout << "欢迎使用图书馆借阅记录系统!\n";cout << "已预设测试数据:5本书籍,3个借阅者\n";cout << "当前系统时间:第1天\n";cout << "\n提示:可以使用'时间推进'功能来模拟时间流逝,测试超期功能\n";while (true) {showMenu();cin >> choice;switch (choice) {case 1: {string title, author;int cat;cout << "请输入书名: ";cin.ignore();getline(cin, title);cout << "请输入作者: ";getline(cin, author);cout << "请选择类别 (1-小说 2-科学 3-历史 4-技术 5-其他): ";cin >> cat;BookCategory category;switch(cat) {case 1: category = FICTION; break;case 2: category = SCIENCE; break;case 3: category = HISTORY; break;case 4: category = TECHNOLOGY; break;default: category = OTHER; break;}library.addBook(title, author, category);break;}case 2: {string name, phone;cout << "请输入姓名: ";cin.ignore();getline(cin, name);cout << "请输入电话: ";getline(cin, phone);library.addBorrower(name, phone);break;}case 3: {int bookId, borrowerId, days;cout << "请输入书籍ID: ";cin >> bookId;cout << "请输入借阅者ID: ";cin >> borrowerId;cout << "请输入借阅天数 (默认30天): ";cin >> days;if (days <= 0) days = 30;library.borrowBook(bookId, borrowerId, days);break;}case 4: {int bookId, borrowerId;cout << "请输入书籍ID: ";cin >> bookId;cout << "请输入借阅者ID: ";cin >> borrowerId;library.returnBook(bookId, borrowerId);break;}case 5:library.checkOverdueBooks();break;case 6:blacklistMenu(library);break;case 7:categoryMenu(library);break;case 8: {int borrowerId;cout << "请输入借阅者ID: ";cin >> borrowerId;library.queryBorrowerHistory(borrowerId);break;}case 9:library.displayAllBooks();break;case 10:library.displayAllBorrowers();break;case 11:library.displayAllRecords();break;case 12:library.queryAvailableBooks();break;case 13:library.showStatistics();break;case 14:library.advanceTime();break;case 0:cout << "感谢使用图书馆借阅记录系统!再见!\n";return 0;default:cout << "无效选择,请重新输入!\n";}cout << "\n按回车键继续...";cin.ignore();cin.get();}return 0;
}
七、总结与扩展思考
通过这个图书馆借阅记录系统的实现,我们深入学习了C++面向对象编程的核心概念。系统具有以下技术亮点:
核心优势:
- 模块化设计:清晰的类结构,便于维护和扩展
- 状态管理:完整的书籍状态转换机制
- 时间系统:灵活的时间推进,支持业务逻辑测试
- 用户体验:直观的菜单驱动界面
可扩展功能:
- 数据持久化:添加文件读写功能,实现数据永久保存
- 网络功能:支持多用户并发访问
- 高级搜索:模糊查询、多条件组合搜索
- 报表系统:生成统计报表和图表
- 消息通知:短信或邮件提醒功能
这个项目不仅展示了C++的强大功能,更重要的是体现了软件工程思维的重要性。通过合理的架构设计,我们创建了一个既实用又易于维护的系统,为后续的功能扩展奠定了坚实基础。
无论你是C++初学者还是有经验的开发者,这个项目都能为你的编程能力提升提供宝贵的实践经验。现在就开始动手实现你自己的图书馆管理系统吧!
创作者:Code_流苏(CSDN)(一个喜欢古诗词和编程的Coder😊)