一、环境准备确认
确保 4 台主机(APPSRV、STORAGESRV、ROUTERSRV、CLIENT )网络连接正常,虚拟机网卡模式按要求设置(APPSRV、STORAGESRV 为 NAT 模式;ROUTERSRV 为双网卡,NAT + 仅主机模式;CLIENT 为仅主机模式 ),yum环境已经配置好,防火墙和selinux已关闭
二、APPSRV 主机配置(192.168.100.10 )
(一)DNS 服务部署(以 bind 为例 )
- 安装 bind 软件包
[root@appsrv ~]# yum -y install bind bind-chroot
- 配置主配置文件 /etc/named.conf
编辑文件,修改监听地址和允许查询的网段:
[root@appsrv ~]# vim /etc/named.confoptions {listen-on port 53 { any; };listen-on-v6 port 53 { any; };directory "/var/named";dump-file "/var/named/data/cache_dump.db";statistics-file "/var/named/data/named_stats.txt";memstatistics-file "/var/named/data/named_mem_stats.txt";recursing-file "/var/named/data/named.recursing";secroots-file "/var/named/data/named.secroots";allow-query { any; };#配置全局配置文件
[root@appsrv ~]# vim /etc/named.rfc1912.zoneszone "example.com" IN {type master;file "sl.com";allow-update { none; };
};zone "100.168.192.in-addr.arpa" IN {type master;file "com.sl";allow-update { none; };
};
- 创建正向解析文件 /var/named/example.com.zone
#将正向解析和反向解析文件复制过来
[root@appsrv ~]# cp -p /var/named/named.localhost /var/named/sl.com
[root@appsrv ~]# cp -p /var/named/named.empty /var/named/com.sl#正向
[root@appsrv ~]# vim /var/named/sl.com$TTL 1D
@ IN SOA appsrv.example.com. rname.invalid. (2025082201 ; serial1D ; refresh1H ; retry1W ; expire3H ) ; minimumNS appsrv.example.com.
appsrv IN A 192.168.100.10
www IN A 192.168.100.10#反向
[root@appsrv ~]# vim /var/named/com.sl$TTL 3H
@ IN SOA appsrv.example.com. rname.invalid. (2025082201 ; serial1D ; refresh1H ; retry1W ; expire3H ) ; minimumNS appsrv.example.com.
10 IN PTR appsrv.example.com.
10 IN PTR www.example.com.
- 启动并设置开机自启 named 服务
[root@appsrv ~]# systemctl start named[root@appsrv ~]# systemctl enable named
(二)DHCP 服务部署(为 192.168.0.0/24 网段 )
- 安装 dhcp 软件包
[root@appsrv ~]# yum -y install dhcp
- 配置 DHCP 主配置文件 /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
#将主配置文件模板复制过来
[root@appsrv ~]#cp -p /usr/share/doc/dhcp-4.2.5/dhcpd.conf.example /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf [root@appsrv ~]# vim /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.confsubnet 192.168.100.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
}subnet 192.168.0.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {range 192.168.0.110 192.168.0.190;option domain-name-servers appsrv.example.com;option domain-name "example.com";option routers 192.168.0.254;
# option broadcast-address 10.5.5.31;default-lease-time 600;max-lease-time 7200;
}
- 启动并设置开机自启 dhcpd 服务
[root@appsrv ~]# systemctl start dhcpd[root@appsrv ~]# systemctl enable dhcpd
(三)WEB 服务部署(httpd )
- 安装 httpd 软件包
[root@appsrv ~]# yum -y install httpd
- 创建网页目录及内容
[root@appsrv ~]# mkdir /luoqi[root@appsrv ~]# echo "welcome to luoqi" > /luoqi/index.html
- 配置 httpd 虚拟主机(修改 /etc/httpd/conf.d/httpd- )
#将虚拟主机目录复制到conf.d下
[root@appsrv ~]# cp -p /usr/share/doc/httpd-2.4.6/httpd-vhosts.conf /etc/httpd/conf.d/[root@appsrv ~]# vim /etc/httpd/conf.d/httpd-vhosts.conf<VirtualHost 192.168.100.10:80>DocumentRoot "/luoqi"ServerName www.example.com</VirtualHost>
- 重启 httpd 服务并设置开机自启
[root@appsrv ~]# systemctl restart httpd[root@appsrv ~]# systemctl enable httpd
三、STORAGESRV 主机配置(192.168.100.20 )
(一)NFS 服务部署
- 安装 nfs - utils 、rpcbind软件包
[root@storagesrv ~]# yum -y install nfs-utils rpcbind
- 创建共享目录并准备数据
[root@storagesrv ~]# mkdir /webdata# 可从 APPSRV 同步数据,如:[root@storagesrv ~]# scp root@192.168.100.10:/luoqi/index.html /webdata/
- 配置 NFS 共享(编辑 /etc/exports )
[root@storagesrv ~]# vim /etc/exports/webdata 192.168.100.10(rw)
- 启动并设置开机自启 nfs 服务
[root@storagesrv ~]# systemctl restart rpcbind[root@storagesrv ~]# systemctl enable rpcbind[root@storagesrv ~]# systemctl restart nfs[root@storagesrv ~]# systemctl enable nfs
四、ROUTERSRV 主机配置(双网卡:192.168.100.254 、192.168.0.254 )
(一)开启路由转发
- 修改 /etc/sysctl.conf 文件
[root@routersrv ~]# vim /etc/sysctl.confnet.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
- 使配置生效
[root@routersrv ~]# sysctl -p
(二)DHCP 中继部署(以 dhcp - relay 为例 )
- 安装 dhcp - relay 软件包
[root@routersrv ~]# yum -y install dhcp
- 配置 DHCP 中继
[root@routersrv ~]# dhcrelay 192.168.100.10
Dropped all unnecessary capabilities.
Internet Systems Consortium DHCP Relay Agent 4.2.5
Copyright 2004-2013 Internet Systems Consortium.
All rights reserved.
For info, please visit https://www.isc.org/software/dhcp/
Listening on LPF/virbr0/52:54:00:27:bd:75
Sending on LPF/virbr0/52:54:00:27:bd:75
Listening on LPF/ens36/00:0c:29:53:c4:6e
Sending on LPF/ens36/00:0c:29:53:c4:6e
Listening on LPF/ens33/00:0c:29:53:c4:64
Sending on LPF/ens33/00:0c:29:53:c4:64
Sending on Socket/fallback
五、CLIENT 主机配置(自动获取 IP )
- 确保网卡配置为 DHCP 模式(编辑 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33 )
[root@client ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33BOOTPROTO=dhcpONBOOT=yes
- 重启网络服务
[root@client ~]# systemctl restart network
六、验证步骤
(一)STORAGESRV 域名解析验证
在 STORAGESRV 执行:
(二)CLIENT 网卡配置验证
查看并截图网卡配置文件:
(三)CLIENT IP 信息验证
执行并截图:
(四)APPSRV 挂载验证(若 APPSRV 挂载了 STORAGESRV 的 NFS )
在 APPSRV 执行:
(五)STORAGESRV NFS 配置验证
执行并截图:
(六)WEB 服务访问验证
更改httpd的网页目录存放地
[root@appsvr ~]# vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf DocumentRoot "/sl"#
# Relax access to content within /var/www.
#
<Directory "/sl">AllowOverride None# Allow open access:Require all granted
</Directory>
在 STORAGESRV 执行:
通过以上步骤,依次完成各主机服务部署与验证,确保 DNS 解析、DHCP 地址分配、WEB 访问、NFS 共享等功能正常工作 。