Python中的pyotp模块是一个用于生成和验证一次性密码（OTP）的库，支持基于时间（TOTP）和计数器（HOTP）的两种主流算法。它遵循RFC 4226（HOTP）和RFC 6238（TOTP）标准，兼容Google Authenticator等主流认证工具，广泛应用于需要增强系统安全性的业务场景中。
后端 python 代码
# main.py
import pyotp
import base64
import qrcode
import logging
from io import BytesIO
from flask import Flask, request, jsonify, render_templateapp = Flask(__name__)app.config['JSON_AS_ASCII'] = False# 禁止控制台输出请求信息
logging.getLogger('werkzeug').disabled = True
# 设置总的日志输出级别
app.logger.setLevel(logging.ERROR)# 404错误处理
@app.errorhandler(404)
def page_not_found(e):# 直接返回字符串return "您请求的资源不存在！", 404# 500错误处理
@app.errorhandler(500)
def internal_error(e):return "服务器内部错误！", 500# 捕获所有未处理异常
@app.errorhandler(Exception)
def handle_exception(e):return "发生错误，请稍后再试！", 500@app.route('/')
def process_request():return render_template('index.html')@app.route('/generate_secret', methods=['POST'])
def generate_secret():secret = pyotp.random_base32()response = {'status': 0, 'data': secret}return jsonify(response)@app.route('/generate_otp', methods=['POST'])
def generate_otp():response = {'status': 1, 'data': None, 'msg': None}try:data = request.jsonsecret = data['secret']length = int(data['length'])interval = int(data['interval'])if not verify_base32_key(secret):response['msg'] = '无效的密钥'return jsonify(response)if length>10 or length<4:response['msg'] = '口令的有效长度为 4 ~ 10 位'return jsonify(response)if interval>60 or interval<30:response['msg'] = '口令有效期范围为 30 ~ 60 秒'return jsonify(response)otp_code = get_otp_code(secret, length, interval)# 生成二维码img = qrcode.make(otp_code)buffered = BytesIO()img.save(buffered, format="PNG")img_str = base64.b64encode(buffered.getvalue()).decode()response['status'] = 0response['data'] = {'otp_code': otp_code,'qrcode': f"data:image/png;base64,{img_str}"}return jsonify(response)except Exception as e:response['msg'] = f'动态口令生成异常: {str(e)}'return jsonify(response)@app.route('/verify_otp', methods=['POST'])
def verify_otp():data = request.jsonsecret = data['secret']otp_code = data['otp_code']interval = int(data['interval'])response = {'status': 0, 'data': verify_otp_code(secret, otp_code, interval)}return jsonify(response)'''
生成动态口令
secret_key 32位密钥字符串
digits 动态口令长度
interval 口令有效期
'''
def get_otp_code(secret_key, digits=6, interval=30):totp = pyotp.TOTP(secret_key, digits=digits, interval=interval)otp_code = totp.now()return otp_code'''
校验动态口令
secret_key 32位密钥字符串
totp_code 动态口令
interval 口令有效期
'''
def verify_otp_code(secret_key, totp_code, interval=30):totp = pyotp.TOTP(secret_key, digits=len(totp_code), interval=interval)is_valid = totp.verify(totp_code)return is_valid# 验证32位密钥, 标准的Base32字母表为A-Z和2-7，不含小写字母或特殊符号
def verify_base32_key(key):allowed = set('ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ234567')if len(key) != 32 or not all(c in allowed for c in key):return Falsetry:base64.b32decode(key, casefold=False)return Trueexcept:return Falseif __name__ == '__main__':app.run(host='0.0.0.0', port=8181)前端 html 代码
在项目根目录下新建一个templates模板目录，然后在里面创建一个html文件，名称为 index.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-CN">
<head><meta charset="UTF-8"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=5.0"><title>动态口令生成器</title><style>:root {--primary-color: #2196F3;--secondary-color: #64B5F6;--background: linear-gradient(135deg, #f5f7fa 0%, #c3cfe2 100%);}* {box-sizing: border-box;margin: 0;padding: 0;font-family: 'Segoe UI', system-ui;}body {min-height: 100vh;display: flex;justify-content: center;align-items: center;background: var(--background);padding: 20px;}.container {background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.95);padding: 2rem;border-radius: 15px;box-shadow: 0 10px 30px rgba(0,0,0,0.1);width: 100%;max-width: 600px;transition: transform 0.3s ease;}.form-group {margin-bottom: 1.5rem;}label {display: block;margin-bottom: 0.5rem;color: #2c3e50;font-weight: 500;}input {width: 100%;padding: 12px;border: 2px solid #e0e0e0;border-radius: 8px;font-size: 16px;transition: border-color 0.3s ease;}input:focus {outline: none;border-color: var(--primary-color);box-shadow: 0 0 0 3px rgba(33, 150, 243, 0.1);}button {background: var(--primary-color);color: white;border: none;padding: 12px 24px;border-radius: 8px;font-size: 16px;cursor: pointer;transition: all 0.3s ease;width: 100%;}button:hover {background: var(--secondary-color);transform: translateY(-2px);box-shadow: 0 5px 15px rgba(33, 150, 243, 0.3);}#result {margin-top: 0rem;text-align: center;}#qrcode {display: none;margin: 0px auto;justify-content: center;align-items: center;width: 100%;}#timer {font-size: 16px;color: #e74c3c;margin-top: 1rem;}#error {color: #e74c3c;}#info {color: #009688;margin-top: 1rem;}.tab-nav {list-style: none;display: flex;margin-bottom: 2rem;border-bottom: 2px solid #eee;}.tab-nav li {padding: 12px 24px;cursor: pointer;color: #666;transition: all 0.3s ease;border-bottom: 2px solid transparent;}.tab-nav li.active {color: var(--primary-color);border-bottom-color: var(--primary-color);}.tab-content {display: none;}.tab-content.active {display: block;}.result-box {display: none;background: #f8f9fa;border-radius: 8px;padding: 1rem;text-align: center;}pre {white-space: pre-wrap;word-wrap: break-word;background: #fff;border-radius: 6px;}.copy-btn {margin-top: 2rem;background: #2F4056 !important;width: auto !important;display: inline-block !important;}@media (max-width: 480px) {.container {padding: 1.5rem;}input, button {font-size: 14px;}}</style>
</head>
<body><div class="container"><ul class="tab-nav"><li class="active" data-tab="create-tab">生成密钥</li><li data-tab="generate-tab">生成口令</li><li data-tab="verify-tab">口令验证</li></ul><!-- 密钥生成界面 --><div id="create-tab" class="tab-content active"><p style="color: #009688; line-height: 30px; font-size: 14px;">声明：本系统不会存储任何密钥，请妥善保管，切勿外泄！如若丢失，请重新生成，并同步更新客户端和服务端的密钥信息。</p><button style="margin-top: 2rem; margin-bottom: 1.5rem;" onclick="generateSecret()">生成密钥</button><div class="result-box"><pre id="new-secret"></pre><button class="copy-btn" onclick="copySecrett()">复制密钥</button><p id="info"></p></div></div><!-- 动态口令生成界面 --><div id="generate-tab" class="tab-content"><div class="form-group"><label for="secret">密钥：</label><input type="text" id="secret" placeholder="请输入32位密钥" required></div><div class="form-group"><label for="length">动态口令长度：</label><input type="number" id="length" min="4" max="10" value="6" placeholder="请输入动态口令长度，有效范围 4 ~ 10 位" required></div><div class="form-group"><label for="length">口令有效期（秒）：</label><input type="number" id="interval" min="30" max="60" value="60" placeholder="请输入动态口令有效期，时间范围 30 ~ 60 秒" required></div><button onclick="generateOTP()">生成动态口令</button><div id="result"><div id="qrcode"><img id="qrImage" src="" alt="二维码"></div><p id="otp_code"></p><p id="timer"></p><p id="error"></p></div></div><!-- 口令验证界面 --><div id="verify-tab" class="tab-content"><p style="color: #009688; line-height: 30px; font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 1.5rem;">提示：验证时，必须同时设置密钥、口令和有效期参数，并确保与口令生成时指定的参数一致！</p><div class="form-group"><label for="secret">密钥：</label><input type="text" id="verify-secret" placeholder="请输入32位密钥" required></div><div class="form-group"><label for="secret">动态口令：</label><input type="text" id="verify-otp_code" placeholder="请输入动态口令" required></div><div class="form-group"><label for="secret">口令有效期（秒）：</label><input type="number" id="verify-interval" min="30" max="60" value="60" placeholder="请输入动态口令有效期，时间范围 30 ~ 60 秒" required></div><button style="margin-top: 2rem; margin-bottom: 1.5rem;" onclick="verifyOTP()">验证</button><div id="verify-info" style="text-align: center;"></div></div></div><script>let countdown;document.querySelectorAll('.tab-nav li').forEach(tab => {tab.addEventListener('click', function() {// 移除所有激活状态document.querySelectorAll('.tab-nav li, .tab-content').forEach(el => {el.classList.remove('active');});// 设置当前激活状态this.classList.add('active');document.getElementById(this.dataset.tab).classList.add('active');});});// 生成密钥async function generateSecret() {document.getElementsByClassName('result-box')[0].style.display = 'none';document.getElementById('info').innerHTML = '';try {const response = await fetch('/generate_secret', {method: 'POST',headers: {'Content-Type': 'application/json',}});const resp = await response.json();const data = resp.data;document.getElementsByClassName('result-box')[0].style.display = 'block';document.getElementById('new-secret').textContent = data;} catch (error) {console.error('Error:', error);}}// 复制密钥function copySecrett() {const secret = document.getElementById('new-secret').textContent;navigator.clipboard.writeText(secret);document.getElementById('info').innerHTML = '复制成功';}// 生成动态口令async function generateOTP() {document.getElementById('error').innerHTML = '';const secret = document.getElementById('secret').value;const length = document.getElementById('length').value;const interval = document.getElementById('interval').value;try {const response = await fetch('/generate_otp', {method: 'POST',headers: {'Content-Type': 'application/json',},body: JSON.stringify({ secret, length, interval })});const resp = await response.json();const data = resp.data;if (resp.status == 1) {clearInterval(countdown);document.getElementById('timer').innerHTML = '';emptyInfo()document.getElementById('error').innerHTML = `${resp.msg}`;return;}document.getElementById('otp_code').innerHTML = `动态口令：<strong>${data.otp_code}</strong>`;document.getElementById('qrImage').src = `${data.qrcode}`;document.getElementById('qrcode').style.display = 'flex';// 启动倒计时startCountdown(interval);} catch (error) {console.error('Error:', error);}}// 验证动态口令async function verifyOTP() {document.getElementById('verify-info').innerHTML = '';const secret = document.getElementById('verify-secret').value;const otp_code = document.getElementById('verify-otp_code').value;const interval = document.getElementById('verify-interval').value;try {const response = await fetch('/verify_otp', {method: 'POST',headers: {'Content-Type': 'application/json',},body: JSON.stringify({ secret, otp_code, interval })});const resp = await response.json();if (resp.data) {document.getElementById('verify-info').innerHTML = '<p style="color: #009688;">口令正确，验证成功</p>';} else {document.getElementById('verify-info').innerHTML = '<p style="color: #e74c3c;">口令错误或已失效，验证失败</p>';}} catch (error) {console.error('Error:', error);}}function startCountdown(seconds) {let remaining = seconds;const timerElement = document.getElementById('timer');clearInterval(countdown);countdown = setInterval(() => {remaining--;timerElement.textContent = `有效期：${remaining} 秒`;if (remaining <= 0) {clearInterval(countdown);timerElement.textContent = '口令已过期';}}, 1000);}function emptyInfo() {document.getElementById('qrcode').style.display = 'none';document.getElementById('otp_code').innerHTML = '';document.getElementById('qrImage').src = '';}</script>
</body>
</html>
界面截图
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