ubuntu22.04下配置qt5.15.17开发环境

自从qt5.15版本开始，不再提供免费的离线安装包，只能通过源码自行编译。刚好最近需要在ubuntu22.04下配置qt开发环境，于是写篇文章记录配置的过程。

其实一开始是想配置qt5.15.2的，但是在编译配置参数这一步骤中出现如下报错

embedsky@embedsky-virtual-machine:/opt/qt-everywhere-src-5.15.2$ make clean
make: *** No rule to make target 'clean'.  Stop.
embedsky@embedsky-virtual-machine:/opt/qt-everywhere-src-5.15.2$ ./configure -prefix /opt/qt5.15.2 -opensource -confirm-license -nomake tests -nomake examples -c++std c++14
+ cd qtbase
+ /opt/qt-everywhere-src-5.15.2/qtbase/configure -top-level -prefix /opt/qt5.15.2 -opensource -confirm-license -nomake tests -nomake examples -c++std c++14
Creating qmake...
.In file included from /opt/qt-everywhere-src-5.15.2/qtbase/include/QtCore/qfloat16.h:1,from /opt/qt-everywhere-src-5.15.2/qtbase/include/QtCore/../../src/corelib/global/qendian.h:44,from /opt/qt-everywhere-src-5.15.2/qtbase/include/QtCore/qendian.h:1,from /opt/qt-everywhere-src-5.15.2/qtbase/src/corelib/codecs/qutfcodec.cpp:43:
/opt/qt-everywhere-src-5.15.2/qtbase/include/QtCore/../../src/corelib/global/qfloat16.h:300:7: error: ‘numeric_limits’ is not a class template300 | class numeric_limits<QT_PREPEND_NAMESPACE(qfloat16)> : public numeric_limits<float>|       ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~
/opt/qt-everywhere-src-5.15.2/qtbase/include/QtCore/../../src/corelib/global/qfloat16.h:300:77: error: expected template-name before ‘<’ token300 | class numeric_limits<QT_PREPEND_NAMESPACE(qfloat16)> : public numeric_limits<float>|                                                                             ^
/opt/qt-everywhere-src-5.15.2/qtbase/include/QtCore/../../src/corelib/global/qfloat16.h:300:77: error: expected ‘{’ before ‘<’ token
/opt/qt-everywhere-src-5.15.2/qtbase/include/QtCore/../../src/corelib/global/qfloat16.h:344:18: error: ‘numeric_limits’ is not a class template344 | template<> class numeric_limits<const QT_PREPEND_NAMESPACE(qfloat16)>|                  ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~
/opt/qt-everywhere-src-5.15.2/qtbase/include/QtCore/../../src/corelib/global/qfloat16.h:344:69: error: ‘std::numeric_limits’ is not a template344 | template<> class numeric_limits<const QT_PREPEND_NAMESPACE(qfloat16)>|                                                                     ^
/opt/qt-everywhere-src-5.15.2/qtbase/include/QtCore/../../src/corelib/global/qfloat16.h:300:7: note: previous declaration here300 | class numeric_limits<QT_PREPEND_NAMESPACE(qfloat16)> : public numeric_limits<float>|       ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~
/opt/qt-everywhere-src-5.15.2/qtbase/include/QtCore/../../src/corelib/global/qfloat16.h:345:28: error: expected template-name before ‘<’ token345 |     : public numeric_limits<QT_PREPEND_NAMESPACE(qfloat16)> {};|                            ^
/opt/qt-everywhere-src-5.15.2/qtbase/include/QtCore/../../src/corelib/global/qfloat16.h:346:18: error: ‘numeric_limits’ is not a class template346 | template<> class numeric_limits<volatile QT_PREPEND_NAMESPACE(qfloat16)>|                  ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~
/opt/qt-everywhere-src-5.15.2/qtbase/include/QtCore/../../src/corelib/global/qfloat16.h:346:72: error: ‘std::numeric_limits’ is not a template346 | template<> class numeric_limits<volatile QT_PREPEND_NAMESPACE(qfloat16)>|                                                                        ^
/opt/qt-everywhere-src-5.15.2/qtbase/include/QtCore/../../src/corelib/global/qfloat16.h:300:7: note: previous declaration here300 | class numeric_limits<QT_PREPEND_NAMESPACE(qfloat16)> : public numeric_limits<float>|       ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~
/opt/qt-everywhere-src-5.15.2/qtbase/include/QtCore/../../src/corelib/global/qfloat16.h:347:28: error: expected template-name before ‘<’ token347 |     : public numeric_limits<QT_PREPEND_NAMESPACE(qfloat16)> {};|                            ^
/opt/qt-everywhere-src-5.15.2/qtbase/include/QtCore/../../src/corelib/global/qfloat16.h:348:18: error: ‘numeric_limits’ is not a class template348 | template<> class numeric_limits<const volatile QT_PREPEND_NAMESPACE(qfloat16)>|                  ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~
/opt/qt-everywhere-src-5.15.2/qtbase/include/QtCore/../../src/corelib/global/qfloat16.h:348:78: error: ‘std::numeric_limits’ is not a template348 | template<> class numeric_limits<const volatile QT_PREPEND_NAMESPACE(qfloat16)>|                                                                              ^
/opt/qt-everywhere-src-5.15.2/qtbase/include/QtCore/../../src/corelib/global/qfloat16.h:300:7: note: previous declaration here300 | class numeric_limits<QT_PREPEND_NAMESPACE(qfloat16)> : public numeric_limits<float>|       ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~
/opt/qt-everywhere-src-5.15.2/qtbase/include/QtCore/../../src/corelib/global/qfloat16.h:349:28: error: expected template-name before ‘<’ token349 |     : public numeric_limits<QT_PREPEND_NAMESPACE(qfloat16)> {};|                            ^
In file included from /opt/qt-everywhere-src-5.15.2/qtbase/include/QtCore/qendian.h:1,from /opt/qt-everywhere-src-5.15.2/qtbase/src/corelib/codecs/qutfcodec.cpp:43:
/opt/qt-everywhere-src-5.15.2/qtbase/include/QtCore/../../src/corelib/global/qendian.h: In static member function ‘static constexpr QSpecialInteger<S> QSpecialInteger<S>::max()’:
/opt/qt-everywhere-src-5.15.2/qtbase/include/QtCore/../../src/corelib/global/qendian.h:331:30: error: ‘std::numeric_limits’ is not a template331 |     { return QSpecialInteger(std::numeric_limits<T>::max()); }|                              ^~~
/opt/qt-everywhere-src-5.15.2/qtbase/include/QtCore/../../src/corelib/global/qendian.h:331:54: error: incomplete type ‘std::numeric_limits’ used in nested name specifier331 |     { return QSpecialInteger(std::numeric_limits<T>::max()); }|                                                      ^~~
/opt/qt-everywhere-src-5.15.2/qtbase/include/QtCore/../../src/corelib/global/qendian.h: In static member function ‘static constexpr QSpecialInteger<S> QSpecialInteger<S>::min()’:
/opt/qt-everywhere-src-5.15.2/qtbase/include/QtCore/../../src/corelib/global/qendian.h:333:30: error: ‘std::numeric_limits’ is not a template333 |     { return QSpecialInteger(std::numeric_limits<T>::min()); }|                              ^~~
/opt/qt-everywhere-src-5.15.2/qtbase/include/QtCore/../../src/corelib/global/qendian.h:333:54: error: incomplete type ‘std::numeric_limits’ used in nested name specifier333 |     { return QSpecialInteger(std::numeric_limits<T>::min()); }|                                                      ^~~
gmake: *** [Makefile:383: qutfcodec.o] Error 1

从错误日志来看，核心问题是：
error: ‘numeric_limits’ is not a class template

一通操作还是没能解决，于是打算编译其他版本的qt试试，于是便选择了qt5.15.17

补充：后面根据这篇文章：Loading...https://bugreports.qt.io/browse/QTBUG-90395貌似这是编译qt5.15.2时都会出现的一个bug，这个bug已经在后面的补丁版本中修复。如果非要编译qt5.15.2，具体解决可以参考这篇博客：qt5.15.2源码编译出错处理_qt #include <limits>-CSDN博客

1.执行../qt-everywhere-src-5.15.2/configure -make libs -xplatform aarch64-buildroot-linux-gnu -no-opengl

报错如下： 5.15.2/qtbase/include/QtCore/../../src/corelib/global/qfloat16.h:300:7: error: ‘numeric_limits’ is not a class template 300 | class numeric_limits<QT_PREPEND_NAMESPACE(qfloat16)> : public numeric_limits<float>

解决：修改.qt-everywhere-src-5.15.2/qtbase/src/corelib/global/qglobal.h

增加#include <limits>

以下是编译qt5.15.17的过程

一、下载源码

清华源中下载源码Index of /qt/archive/qt/5.15/5.15.17/single/ | 清华大学开源软件镜像站 | Tsinghua Open Source Mirror

下载完后：cd qt-everywhere-src-5.15.17

源码目录如下

二、安装相关依赖包

sudo apt update
sudo apt install build-essential perl python3 git
sudo apt install '^libxcb.*' libx11-xcb-dev libglu1-mesa-dev libxrender-dev libxi-dev libxext-dev libxrandr-dev libxcursor-dev libfontconfig1-dev libdbus-1-dev libglib2.0-dev libssl-dev libpng-dev libjpeg-dev libglib2.0-dev
sudo apt install libglib2.0-bin
sudo apt install libxcb-xinerama0-dev libxkbcommon-x11-dev

三、编译配置选项

Qt5采用./configure脚本配置编译选项，我使用的命令如下：

./configure -prefix /opt/qt5.15.17 \
-opensource -confirm-license \
-nomake tests -nomake examples \
-c++std c++14 \
-opengl desktop \-no-use-gold-linker

参数解释：

-prefix：安装路径，建议使用自定义目录如/opt/qt5.15.17
-opensource：使用开源许可证
-confirm-license：自动确认许可协议
-nomake tests -nomake examples：不编译测试和示例，加快速度
-c++std c++14：Qt 5.15默认支持c++14，明确指定
-opengl desktop：使用系统OpenGL（如果需要软件渲染可以用-opengl software）
-no-use-gold-linker：避免使用gold链接器（有时防止编译问题）

如果还有其他编译需求，可以加更多参数

四、编译

执行

make -j4

编译过程可能耗时10~30分钟，具体取决于机器性能。

如果编译遇到make: *** No rule to make target 'clean'等错误，可以用make distclean或者直接删除源码目录重新解压。

五、安装

编译完成后执行：

sudo make install

会将Qt安装到-prefix指定的目录（/opt/qt5.15.17/）。

生成文件目录如下

六、配置qt环境变量

echo 'export PATH=/opt/qt5.15.17/bin:$PATH' >> ~/.bashrc
echo 'export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/opt/qt5.15.17/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH' >> ~/.bashrc
source ~/.bashrc

七、验证

输入

qmake -v

输出类似以下即可

QMake version 3.1
Using Qt version 5.15.17 in /opt/qt5.15.17/lib

八、安装Qt Creator

在安装完后，发现没有像之前离线版本的方式打开Qt Creator。这是因为Qt Creator 是一个独立的 IDE，并不包含在 Qt 源码里，所以你自己编译 Qt 时并不会得到 Qt Creator。

所以需要另外下载Qt Creator

sudo apt update
sudo apt install qtcreator

下载完后可以看到

此时已经有完整的ide进行开发了

九、配置kit

编译源码的方式不会自动帮我们配置kit，需要自己手动配置

1、配置g++、gcc

2、配置qmake

3、配置kit