第二章 抽象数据类型和python类
2.5类定义实例： 学校人事管理系统中的类
import datetimeclass PersonValueError(ValueError):"""自定义异常类"""passclass PersonTypeError(TypeError):"""自定义异常类"""passclass Person:_num = 0def __init__(self, name, sex, birthday, ident):if not (isinstance(name, str) andsex in ("女", "男")):raise PersonValueError(name, sex)try:birth = datetime.date(*birthday)except:raise PersonValueError("Wrong date:", birthday)self._name = nameself._sex = sexself._birthday = birthself._id = identPerson._num += 1def id(self): return self._iddef name(self): return self._namedef sex(self): return self._sexdef birthday(self): return self._birthdaydef age(self): return (datetime.date.today().year - self._birthday.year)def set_name(self, name):if not isinstance(name, str):raise PersonValueError("set_name", name)self._name = namedef __lt__(self, another):if not isinstance(another, Person):raise PersonTypeError(another)return self._id < another._id@classmethoddef num(cls): return Person._numdef __str__(self):return " ".join((self._id, self._name,self._sex, str(self._birthday)))def details(self):return ", ".join(("编号：" + self._id,"姓名：" + self._name,"性别：" + self._sex,"出生日期：" + str(self._birthday)))# 30人数据（包含你指定的p1）
p1 = Person("谢雨洁", "女", (2005, 7, 30), "25015101111")
p2 = Person("张伟", "男", (2002, 3, 15), "25015101112")
p3 = Person("李娜", "女", (2003, 9, 22), "25015101113")
p4 = Person("王芳", "女", (2004, 5, 18), "25015101114")
p5 = Person("刘强", "男", (2001, 11, 8), "25015101115")
p6 = Person("陈静", "女", (2005, 2, 14), "25015101116")
p7 = Person("杨光", "男", (2003, 7, 30), "25015101117")
p8 = Person("赵敏", "女", (2002, 12, 5), "25015101118")
p9 = Person("黄磊", "男", (2004, 8, 19), "25015101119")
p10 = Person("周涛", "男", (2001, 6, 25), "25015101120")
p11 = Person("吴秀英", "女", (2005, 4, 12), "25015101121")
p12 = Person("郑丽", "女", (2003, 10, 3), "25015101122")
p13 = Person("孙洋", "男", (2002, 1, 17), "25015101123")
p14 = Person("朱艳", "女", (2004, 7, 9), "25015101124")
p15 = Person("胡勇", "男", (2001, 9, 28), "25015101125")
p16 = Person("林军", "男", (2005, 3, 6), "25015101126")
p17 = Person("徐杰", "男", (2003, 11, 15), "25015101127")
p18 = Person("马兰", "女", (2002, 8, 22), "25015101128")
p19 = Person("高敏", "女", (2004, 2, 11), "25015101129")
p20 = Person("罗伟", "男", (2001, 5, 30), "25015101130")
p21 = Person("宋芳", "女", (2005, 10, 8), "25015101131")
p22 = Person("唐静", "女", (2003, 4, 19), "25015101132")
p23 = Person("董强", "男", (2002, 7, 3), "25015101133")
p24 = Person("袁丽", "女", (2004, 12, 25), "25015101134")
p25 = Person("邓洋", "男", (2001, 2, 14), "25015101135")
p26 = Person("曹艳", "女", (2005, 9, 7), "25015101136")
p27 = Person("彭勇", "男", (2003, 1, 20), "25015101137")
p28 = Person("潘军", "男", (2002, 6, 12), "25015101138")
p29 = Person("钟杰", "男", (2004, 11, 28), "25015101139")
p30 = Person("田兰", "女", (2001, 8, 15), "25015101140")# 人员列表
plist2 = [p1, p2, p3, p4, p5, p6, p7, p8, p9, p10,p11, p12, p13, p14, p15, p16, p17, p18, p19, p20,p21, p22, p23, p24, p25, p26, p27, p28, p29, p30]# 打印所有人员信息
for i, p in enumerate(plist2, 1):print(f"{i:2d}. {p}")print("\nAfter sorting:")
plist2.sort()
for p in plist2:print(p.details())print("People created:", Person.num(), "\n")
#=================================================
# 30人数据（包含你指定的p1）
p1 = Person("谢雨洁", "女", (2005, 7, 30), "25015101111")
p2 = Person("张伟", "男", (2002, 3, 15), "25015101112")
p3 = Person("李娜", "女", (2003, 9, 22), "25015101113")
p4 = Person("王芳", "女", (2004, 5, 18), "25015101114")
p5 = Person("刘强", "男", (2001, 11, 8), "25015101115")
p6 = Person("陈静", "女", (2005, 2, 14), "25015101116")
p7 = Person("杨光", "男", (2003, 7, 30), "25015101117")
p8 = Person("赵敏", "女", (2002, 12, 5), "25015101118")
p9 = Person("黄磊", "男", (2004, 8, 19), "25015101119")
p10 = Person("周涛", "男", (2001, 6, 25), "25015101120")
p11 = Person("吴秀英", "女", (2005, 4, 12), "25015101121")
p12 = Person("郑丽", "女", (2003, 10, 3), "25015101122")
p13 = Person("孙洋", "男", (2002, 1, 17), "25015101123")
p14 = Person("朱艳", "女", (2004, 7, 9), "25015101124")
p15 = Person("胡勇", "男", (2001, 9, 28), "25015101125")
p16 = Person("林军", "男", (2005, 3, 6), "25015101126")
p17 = Person("徐杰", "男", (2003, 11, 15), "25015101127")
p18 = Person("马兰", "女", (2002, 8, 22), "25015101128")
p19 = Person("高敏", "女", (2004, 2, 11), "25015101129")
p20 = Person("罗伟", "男", (2001, 5, 30), "25015101130")
p21 = Person("宋芳", "女", (2005, 10, 8), "25015101131")
p22 = Person("唐静", "女", (2003, 4, 19), "25015101132")
p23 = Person("董强", "男", (2002, 7, 3), "25015101133")
p24 = Person("袁丽", "女", (2004, 12, 25), "25015101134")
p25 = Person("邓洋", "男", (2001, 2, 14), "25015101135")
p26 = Person("曹艳", "女", (2005, 9, 7), "25015101136")
p27 = Person("彭勇", "男", (2003, 1, 20), "25015101137")
p28 = Person("潘军", "男", (2002, 6, 12), "25015101138")
p29 = Person("钟杰", "男", (2004, 11, 28), "25015101139")
p30 = Person("田兰", "女", (2001, 8, 15), "25015101140")# 人员列表
plist2 = [p1, p2, p3, p4, p5, p6, p7, p8, p9, p10,p11, p12, p13, p14, p15, p16, p17, p18, p19, p20,p21, p22, p23, p24, p25, p26, p27, p28, p29, p30]# 打印所有人员信息
for i, p in enumerate(plist2, 1):print(f"{i:2d}. {p}")print("\nAfter sorting:")
plist2.sort()
for p in plist2:print(p.details())print("People created:", Person.num(), "\n")
#=============================================
import datetime
from random import choice, randintclass Staff(Person):_id_num = 0# 部门分类teaching_depts = ["中文学院", "外文学院", "数学学院", "马克思学院"]support_depts = ["教务处", "学工处", "后勤处", "财务处", "保卫处"]departments = teaching_depts + support_depts# 职位和职称定义teaching_positions = ["教师", "班主任", "系主任", "教研室主任"]teaching_titles = ["助理教师", "讲师", "副教授", "教授", "政府津贴"]support_positions = ["科员", "主任", "处长", "院长"]admin_positions = ["专员", "主管", "经理", "总监"]all_positions = teaching_positions + support_positions + admin_positions@classmethoddef _id_gen(cls, birthday):"""生成员工ID: 类型码+年份后两位+部门代码+序号"""cls._id_num += 1birth_date = datetime.date(*birthday)year_code = str(birth_date.year)[-2:]# 部门代码取前两字的首字母dept_code = "".join([d[0] for d in cls.departments])[:2]# 类型码：T-教学单位，S-后勤单位dept = choice(cls.departments)type_code = "T" if dept in cls.teaching_depts else "S"return f"{type_code}{year_code}{dept_code}{cls._id_num:04d}"def __init__(self, name, sex, birthday, entry_date=None):# 生成员工IDstaff_id = self._id_gen(birthday)# 调用父类初始化super().__init__(name, sex, birthday, staff_id)# 设置入职日期（默认为今天）self._entry_date = entry_date if entry_date else datetime.date.today()self._salary = 0self._department = Noneself._position = Noneself._title = Noneself._type = Nonedef set_salary(self, amount):if not isinstance(amount, (int, float)) or amount < 0:raise ValueError("薪资必须为正数")self._salary = amountdef set_department(self, department):if department not in self.departments:raise ValueError(f"部门必须是以下之一: {self.departments}")self._department = department# 根据部门自动设置类型self._type = "教学单位" if department in self.teaching_depts else "后勤保障单位"def set_position(self, position):if position not in self.all_positions:raise ValueError(f"职位必须是以下之一: {self.all_positions}")self._position = positiondef set_title(self, title):"""设置职称（仅教学单位有效）"""if self._department in self.teaching_depts:if title not in self.teaching_titles:raise ValueError(f"教学职称必须是以下之一: {self.teaching_titles}")self._title = titleelse:self._title = "无"def details(self):base_info = super().details()return (f"{base_info}\n"f"单位类型: {self._type}\n"f"部门: {self._department}\n"f"职务: {self._position}\n"f"职称: {self._title}\n"f"薪资: {self._salary}\n"f"入职日期: {self._entry_date}")# 生成20个员工数据
def generate_staff(num=20):staff_list = []first_names = ["王", "李", "张", "刘", "陈", "杨", "赵", "黄", "周", "吴"]last_names = ["伟", "芳", "娜", "敏", "静", "丽", "强", "磊", "洋", "勇"]for _ in range(num):# 随机生成基本信息sex = choice(["男", "女"])name = choice(first_names) + choice(last_names)birth_year = randint(1980, 2000)birthday = (birth_year, randint(1, 12), randint(1, 28))# 创建员工实例staff = Staff(name, sex, birthday)# 设置部门（自动确定单位类型）dept = choice(Staff.departments)staff.set_department(dept)# 设置职务和职称if dept in Staff.teaching_depts:staff.set_position(choice(Staff.teaching_positions))staff.set_title(choice(Staff.teaching_titles))else:staff.set_position(choice(Staff.support_positions + Staff.admin_positions))staff.set_title("无")# 设置薪资if dept in Staff.teaching_depts:staff.set_salary(randint(8000, 50000))else:staff.set_salary(randint(3000, 30000))# 随机生成入职日期entry_date = datetime.date.today() - datetime.timedelta(days=randint(1, 1825))staff._entry_date = entry_datestaff_list.append(staff)return staff_list# 创建20名员工
staff_list = generate_staff(20)# 打印前5名员工信息
for i, staff in enumerate(staff_list[:5], 1):print(f"\n=== 员工{i} ===")print(staff.details())print(f"\n总员工数: {Staff._id_num}")
=== 员工1 ===
编号：S81中外0001, 姓名：黄强, 性别：男, 出生日期：1981-02-05
单位类型: 教学单位
部门: 数学学院
职务: 教研室主任
职称: 副教授
薪资: 32012
入职日期: 2024-01-14
=== 员工2 ===
编号：T90中外0002, 姓名：李敏, 性别：女, 出生日期：1990-10-03
单位类型: 后勤保障单位
部门: 教务处
职务: 院长
职称: 无
薪资: 17288
入职日期: 2022-08-27
=== 员工3 ===
编号：S99中外0003, 姓名：陈静, 性别：男, 出生日期：1999-07-22
单位类型: 后勤保障单位
部门: 教务处
职务: 总监
职称: 无
薪资: 20508
入职日期: 2024-12-04
=== 员工4 ===
编号：T91中外0004, 姓名：陈勇, 性别：男, 出生日期：1991-10-22
单位类型: 教学单位
部门: 中文学院
职务: 系主任
职称: 讲师
薪资: 31820
入职日期: 2023-11-03
=== 员工5 ===
编号：T96中外0005, 姓名：李敏, 性别：女, 出生日期：1996-03-16
单位类型: 教学单位
部门: 数学学院
职务: 教师
职称: 讲师
薪资: 34577
入职日期: 2025-02-26
总员工数: 20
class DepartmentCourses:"""各学院课程目录"""@staticmethoddef chinese_department():return {"学院名称": "中文学院","主修课程": [("现代汉语", "研究现代汉语的语音、词汇、语法等"),("古代汉语", "学习古代汉语的语法、文字、音韵及经典文献阅读"),("中国现代文学史", "探讨中国现代文学的发展历程和重要作品"),("中国当代文学史", "分析中国当代文学的现象、流派和代表作品"),("中国文学史", "全面介绍中国文学从古至今的发展脉络"),("语言学概论", "概述语言学的基本概念、理论和研究方法"),("文艺理论", "研究文学艺术的基本原理和批评方法"),("美学", "探讨美的本质、审美经验和艺术的价值"),("外国文学史", "了解世界文学的主要流派、作品及其影响")],"选修课程": [("写作", "提高文字表达能力和创作技巧"),("秘书学", "学习秘书工作的知识和技能，包括文书处理、档案管理等"),("英文常用写作", "提升英文写作能力和跨文化交流技巧"),("对外汉语教学概论", "了解对外汉语教学的基本原理和方法"),("中文办公自动化", "掌握中文环境下办公自动化软件的应用")]}@staticmethoddef math_department():return {"学院名称": "数学学院","主修课程": [("数学分析", "研究极限、微积分、级数等基本概念和方法"),("高等代数", "学习线性代数、矩阵论和抽象代数基础"),("解析几何", "研究几何图形的坐标表示和代数方法"),("概率论与数理统计", "掌握随机现象和数据分析的基本理论"),("常微分方程", "学习常微分方程的基本解法及应用"),("复变函数", "研究复数域上的函数理论"),("实变函数", "深入理解实数集和可测函数理论"),("抽象代数", "学习群、环、域等代数结构"),("拓扑学", "研究空间在连续变换下的不变性质")],"选修课程": [("数学建模", "学习用数学方法解决实际问题"),("数值分析", "掌握数值计算的基本算法"),("运筹学", "研究优化问题的数学方法"),("数学史", "了解数学发展历史和重要思想"),("计算机数学", "学习计算机科学中的数学基础")]}@staticmethoddef foreign_lang_department():return {"学院名称": "外文学院","主修课程": [("综合英语", "系统训练英语听、说、读、写能力"),("英语语言学", "研究英语语言的结构和规律"),("英美文学史", "学习英美文学发展历程和经典作品"),("翻译理论与实践", "掌握翻译的基本技巧和方法"),("跨文化交际", "研究不同文化背景下的交流策略"),("第二外语", "学习法语/德语/日语等第二外语基础"),("英语写作", "培养英语学术和实用写作能力"),("英语国家概况", "了解主要英语国家的文化和社会"),("学术英语", "掌握学术研究和论文写作的英语表达")],"选修课程": [("商务英语", "学习商务环境中的英语应用"),("英语演讲与辩论", "培养英语口头表达能力"),("影视英语", "通过影视作品学习地道英语"),("英语教学法", "了解英语作为外语的教学方法"),("同声传译基础", "初步掌握同声传译技巧")]}@staticmethoddef marxism_department():return {"学院名称": "马克思学院","主修课程": [("马克思主义基本原理", "系统学习马克思主义哲学、政治经济学和科学社会主义"),("中国近现代史纲要", "研究中国近现代历史发展脉络"),("毛泽东思想和中国特色社会主义理论体系概论", "学习党的理论创新成果"),("思想政治教育学原理", "研究思想政治教育的基本理论"),("马克思主义发展史", "了解马克思主义理论发展历程"),("科学社会主义理论与实践", "研究社会主义运动的历史和现实"),("马克思主义经典著作选读", "精读马克思主义经典文献"),("中国共产党历史", "学习党的奋斗历程和基本经验"),("当代世界经济与政治", "分析国际格局和热点问题")],"选修课程": [("中国特色社会主义理论与实践研究", "深入研究中国特色社会主义理论"),("马克思主义与社会科学方法论", "学习马克思主义研究方法"),("中国传统文化概论", "了解中国传统文化精髓"),("国际共产主义运动史", "研究国际共运的历史经验"),("当代社会思潮评析", "分析和评价当代主要社会思潮")]}@classmethoddef get_all_courses(cls):return {"中文学院": cls.chinese_department(),"数学学院": cls.math_department(),"外文学院": cls.foreign_lang_department(),"马克思学院": cls.marxism_department()}# 使用示例
if __name__ == "__main__":courses = DepartmentCourses.get_all_courses()# 打印中文学院课程print(f"=== {courses['中文学院']['学院名称']}课程 ===")print("\n主修课程：")for course, desc in courses['中文学院']['主修课程']:print(f"- {course}：{desc}")print("\n选修课程：")for course, desc in courses['中文学院']['选修课程']:print(f"- {course}：{desc}")
#================================================
import datetime
from random import choice, randint, random
from collections import defaultdict# ================== 基础类定义 ==================
class Person:def __init__(self, name, sex, birthday, ident):self.name = nameself.sex = sexself.birthday = datetime.date(*birthday)self.id = identclass Staff(Person):departments = ["中文学院", "外文学院", "数学学院", "马克思学院"]positions = ["讲师", "副教授", "教授", "研究员"]def __init__(self, name, sex, birthday, ident=None):ident = ident if ident else f"25015101{randint(100,999)}"super().__init__(name, sex, birthday, ident)self.department = choice(self.departments)self.position = choice(self.positions)self._type = "教学单位" if self.department.endswith("学院") else "行政单位"# ================== 课程管理系统 ==================
class Course:def __init__(self, name, description, credit, dept, category="主修"):self.name = nameself.description = descriptionself.credit = creditself.department = deptself.category = categoryself.popularity = 0self.students = set()self.assessments = {'平时作业': {'weight': 20, 'score': 0},'课堂表现': {'weight': 10, 'score': 0},'期中考试': {'weight': 20, 'score': 0},'实验报告': {'weight': 15, 'score': 0},'期末考试': {'weight': 35, 'score': 0}}def enroll(self, student_id):if student_id not in self.students:self.students.add(student_id)self.popularity = min(100, self.popularity + 5)return Truereturn Falsedef record_scores(self):"""为所有选课学生生成随机成绩"""for student_id in self.students:for item in self.assessments:self.assessments[item]['score'] = randint(60, 95)def calculate_final(self):"""计算最终成绩"""return sum(self.assessments[item]['score'] * self.assessments[item]['weight'] / 100 for item in self.assessments)# ================== 学院课程目录 ==================
department_courses = {"中文学院": {"主修": [("现代汉语", "语音、词汇、语法研究", 4),("古代汉语", "语法、文字、音韵研究", 4),("中国文学史", "文学发展脉络", 3)],"选修": [("创意写作", "文学创作技巧", 2),("古典文献学", "古籍整理与研究", 3)]},"数学学院": {"主修": [("高等数学", "微积分基础", 5),("线性代数", "矩阵与向量空间", 4),("概率统计", "随机现象分析", 3)],"选修": [("数学建模", "实际问题数学解决", 3),("数值分析", "数值计算方法", 3)]}
}# ================== 生成教职工数据 ==================
def generate_staff(num=30):first_names = ["王", "李", "张", "刘", "陈"]last_names = ["伟", "芳", "娜", "敏", "杰"]staff_list = []for i in range(num):name = choice(first_names) + choice(last_names)sex = choice(["男", "女"])birthday = (randint(1975, 1995), randint(1,12), randint(1,28))staff_list.append(Staff(name, sex, birthday, f"25015101{100+i}"))return staff_list# ================== 主系统 ==================
class AcademicSystem:def __init__(self):self.staff_list = generate_staff()self.courses = self.init_courses()self.student_records = {s.id: s for s in self.staff_list}self.course_records = defaultdict(dict) # {student_id: {course: grade}}def init_courses(self):"""初始化所有课程"""courses = []for dept, categories in department_courses.items():for category, course_list in categories.items():for name, desc, credit in course_list:courses.append(Course(name, desc, credit, dept, category))return coursesdef enroll(self, student_id, course_name):"""学生选课"""student = self.student_records.get(student_id)course = next((c for c in self.courses if c.name == course_name), None)if student and course:if course.enroll(student_id):self.course_records[student_id][course] = Nonereturn Truereturn Falsedef generate_grades(self):"""为所有课程生成成绩"""for course in self.courses:course.record_scores()final_grade = course.calculate_final()for student_id in course.students:self.course_records[student_id][course] = {'grade': final_grade,'passed': final_grade >= 60,'credits': course.credit if final_grade >= 60 else 0}def get_transcript(self, student_id):"""生成成绩单"""if student_id not in self.student_records:return Nonestudent = self.student_records[student_id]records = self.course_records.get(student_id, {})transcript = {"学号": student_id,"姓名": student.name,"部门": student.department,"职位": student.position,"总学分": sum(cr['credits'] for cr in records.values() if cr),"课程成绩": [{"课程": course.name,"类型": course.category,"学分": course.credit,"成绩": record['grade'],"结果": "通过" if record['passed'] else "不通过"}for course, record in records.items()]}return transcript# ================== 使用示例 ==================
if __name__ == "__main__":system = AcademicSystem()# 选课示例system.enroll("25015101101", "现代汉语")system.enroll("25015101101", "高等数学")system.enroll("25015101102", "线性代数")# 生成成绩system.generate_grades()# 打印成绩单print("=== 学生成绩单示例 ===")print(system.get_transcript("25015101101"))# 打印热门课程print("\n=== 热门课程Top3 ===")popular = sorted(system.courses, key=lambda x: x.popularity, reverse=True)[:3]for i, course in enumerate(popular, 1):print(f"{i}. {course.name} ({course.department}, 热度: {course.popularity})")
=== 学生成绩单示例 ===
{‘学号’: ‘25015101101’, ‘姓名’: ‘刘敏’, ‘部门’: ‘数学学院’, ‘职位’: ‘教授’, ‘总学分’: 9, ‘课程成绩’: [{‘课程’: ‘现代汉语’, ‘类型’: ‘主修’, ‘学分’: 4, ‘成绩’: 74.3, ‘结果’: ‘通过’}, {‘课程’: ‘高等数学’, ‘类型’: ‘主修’, ‘学分’: 5, ‘成绩’: 86.15, ‘结果’: ‘通过’}]}
=== 热门课程Top3 ===
- 现代汉语 (中文学院, 热度: 5)
- 高等数学 (数学学院, 热度: 5)
- 线性代数 (数学学院, 热度: 5)
import datetime
from random import choice, randint, random
from collections import defaultdict# ================== 基础类定义 ==================
class Person:def __init__(self, name, sex, birthday, ident):self.name = nameself.sex = sexself.birthday = datetime.date(*birthday)self.id = identclass Student(Person):def __init__(self, name, sex, birthday, ident, degree_type):super().__init__(name, sex, birthday, ident)self.degree_type = degree_typeself.enrollment_date = datetime.date.today()self.courses = {}self.total_credits = 0self.gpa = 0.0def enroll_course(self, course):if course not in self.courses:self.courses[course] = Nonecourse.enroll(self.id)return Truereturn Falsedef update_grade(self, course, score):if course in self.courses:self.courses[course] = scoreself._update_academic_record()return Truereturn Falsedef _update_academic_record(self):"""更新学分和GPA"""total_points = 0total_credits = 0for course, score in self.courses.items():if score is not None and score >= 60:total_credits += course.credittotal_points += score * course.creditself.total_credits = total_creditsself.gpa = round(total_points / (total_credits * 25), 2) if total_credits > 0 else 0.0# ================== 派生学生类 ==================
class Undergraduate(Student):def __init__(self, name, sex, birthday, ident, major):super().__init__(name, sex, birthday, ident, "本科生")self.major = majorself.required_credits = 160 # 本科毕业要求学分def can_graduate(self):return self.total_credits >= self.required_creditsclass Master(Student):def __init__(self, name, sex, birthday, ident, research_field):super().__init__(name, sex, birthday, ident, "硕士生")self.research_field = research_fieldself.required_credits = 32self.thesis_progress = 0 # 论文进度(0-100)def update_thesis(self, progress):self.thesis_progress = min(100, self.thesis_progress + progress)def can_graduate(self):return (self.total_credits >= self.required_credits and self.thesis_progress >= 100)class PhD(Student):def __init__(self, name, sex, birthday, ident, research_topic):super().__init__(name, sex, birthday, ident, "博士生")self.research_topic = research_topicself.required_credits = 20self.papers_published = 0self.thesis_defended = Falsedef publish_paper(self):self.papers_published += 1def defend_thesis(self):self.thesis_defended = Truedef can_graduate(self):return (self.total_credits >= self.required_credits and self.papers_published >= 3 and self.thesis_defended)class InternationalStudent(Student):def __init__(self, name, sex, birthday, ident, degree_type, country):super().__init__(name, sex, birthday, ident, f"留学生({degree_type})")self.country = countryself.chinese_level = "HSK" + str(randint(3, 6)) # 随机汉语水平# 根据学位类型设置毕业要求if "本科" in degree_type:self.required_credits = 140elif "硕士" in degree_type:self.required_credits = 30else:self.required_credits = 18def can_graduate(self):return (self.total_credits >= self.required_credits and self.chinese_level >= "HSK4")# ================== 课程类 ==================
class Course:def __init__(self, name, credit, dept):self.name = nameself.credit = creditself.department = deptself.students = set()def enroll(self, student_id):self.students.add(student_id)return True# ================== 学院系统 ==================```python
class AcademicSystem:def __init__(self):self.students = {}self.courses = [Course("高等数学", 5, "数学学院"),Course("现代汉语", 4, "中文学院"),Course("机器学习", 3, "计算机学院")]def add_student(self, student_type, *args, **kwargs):"""添加学生"""if student_type == "本科":student = Undergraduate(*args, **kwargs)elif student_type == "硕士":student = Master(*args, **kwargs)elif student_type == "博士":student = PhD(*args, **kwargs)elif student_type == "留学":student = InternationalStudent(*args, **kwargs)else:raise ValueError("未知学生类型")self.students[student.id] = studentreturn studentdef enroll(self, student_id, course_name):"""学生选课"""student = self.students.get(student_id)course = next((c for c in self.courses if c.name == course_name), None)if student and course:return student.enroll_course(course)return Falsedef generate_grades(self):"""为所有学生生成随机成绩"""for student in self.students.values():for course in student.courses:if student.courses[course] is None:score = randint(50, 100) if random() > 0.1 else randint(30, 59) # 10%不及格率student.update_grade(course, score)def check_graduation(self, student_id):"""检查毕业资格"""student = self.students.get(student_id)if student:return student.can_graduate()return False
================== 使用示例 ==================
if __name__ == "__main__":system = AcademicSystem()# 添加各类学生undergrad = system.add_student("本科", "张三", "男", (1999,5,12), "S2021001", "计算机科学")master = system.add_student("硕士", "李四", "女", (1995,8,23), "S2021002", "人工智能")phd = system.add_student("博士", "王五", "男", (1990,3,15), "S2021003", "量子计算")international = system.add_student("留学", "John Smith", "男", (1998,7,30), "S2021004", "本科", "美国")# 学生选课system.enroll(undergrad.id, "高等数学")system.enroll(undergrad.id, "机器学习")system.enroll(master.id, "机器学习")system.enroll(international.id, "现代汉语")# 生成成绩system.generate_grades()# 博士生发表论文phd.publish_paper()phd.publish_paper()phd.publish_paper()phd.defend_thesis()# 硕士生更新论文进度master.update_thesis(80)# 打印学生状态print("=== 学生状态 ===")for sid, student in system.students.items():status = "可毕业" if system.check_graduation(sid) else "在读"print(f"{student.name}({student.degree_type}): GPA={student.gpa}, 学分={student.total_credits}, 状态={status}")
=== 学生状态 ===
张三(本科生): GPA=3.31, 学分=8, 状态=在读
李四(硕士生): GPA=0.0, 学分=0, 状态=在读
王五(博士生): GPA=0.0, 学分=0, 状态=在读
John Smith(留学生(本科)): GPA=3.12, 学分=4, 状态=在读
一、系统框架设计
1. 核心模块2. 技术架构
┌─────────────────┐
│ 前端展示层 │ # Vue/React + Element UI
├─────────────────┤
│ 业务逻辑层 │ # Python(Django/Flask)
├─────────────────┤
│ 数据访问层 │ # ORM(SQLAlchemy)
├─────────────────┤
│ 数据存储层 │ # MySQL/PostgreSQL + Redis缓存二、系统分析
1. 角色分析
角色 权限说明 典型用例
教职工 查看个人信息/课表/薪资 请假申请/课表查询
院系管理员 管理本院系师生信息 教师考核/学生分班
人事专员 全系统人事数据管理 入职办理/离职处理
校级管理员 系统配置/权限分配 院系合并/权限调整
2. 关键业务流程
入职流程
简历筛选 → 面试安排 → 录用审批 → 信息录入 → 账号开通职称评审流程
个人申请 → 教研室初审 → 学院评审 → 学校终审 → 结果公示学生培养流程
培养方案制定 → 选课管理 → 中期考核 → 论文答辩 → 毕业审核三、系统配置方案
1. 基础配置
yaml
# config.yaml
database:host: mysql.university.eduport: 3306user: hr_systempassword: secure_passwordstorage:document_path: /var/www/hr_docsmax_upload_size: 100MBsecurity:password_policy:min_length: 8require_mixed_case: trueexpire_days: 90
2. 业务参数配置
python
# 职称晋升规则
PROMOTION_RULES = {"讲师→副教授": {"min_years": 5,"required_papers": 3,"teaching_hours": 320},"副教授→教授": {"min_years": 6,"required_projects": 2,"international_papers": 1}
}# 学分计算规则
CREDIT_POLICY = {"本科生": {"required": 160,"public_course_ratio": 0.3},"硕士生": {"core_course_min": 12,"thesis_credit": 8}
}
3. 集成配置
json
{"integrations": {"financial_system": {"api_endpoint": "https://finance.university.edu/api","sync_schedule": "daily 02:00"},"library_system": {"book_quota": {"professor": 20,"student": 10}}}
}
四、扩展设计
1. 数据模型设计
python
class Staff(models.Model):id = UUIDField(primary_key=True)name = CharField(max_length=50)type = ChoiceField(choices=[('TEACH', '教师'),('ADMIN', '行政'),('LAB', '实验员')])department = ForeignKey(Department)positions = ArrayField( # 支持双肩挑人员EmbeddedField(PositionInfo))class Course(models.Model):code = CharField(max_length=10) # 如"MATH-201"credits = DecimalField(max_digits=3, decimal_places=1)assessment_schema = JSONField() # 存储考核权重
2. 安全设计
四层防护：网络层：IP白名单+VPN应用层：JWT认证+接口签名数据层：字段级加密(身份证/薪资)审计层：所有敏感操作留痕3. 高可用方案
plaintext┌───────────────┐│ 负载均衡器 │└──────┬───────┘│┌──────────────┼──────────────┐▼ ▼ ▼
┌─────────────────────┐ ┌───────────────┐
│ 主数据库(MySQL集群) │ │ 只读副本 │
└─────────────────────┘ └───────────────┘▲│
┌──────────┴──────────┐
│ 定时备份系统 │
│ (每日全量+binlog) │
└─────────────────────┘
数据结构 与算法 裘宗燕 p65
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