在日常办公中,我们经常需要处理大量图像,如产品照片、营销素材、文档扫描件等。手动处理这些图像不仅耗时,还容易出错。通过Python自动化图像处理,我们可以高效地完成批量缩放、裁剪、加水印、格式转换等任务,大大提高工作效率。
本文将介绍两个强大的Python图像处理库:Pillow(PIL的fork版本)和OpenCV,并通过实例展示如何使用它们实现各种图像处理自动化任务。
使用Pillow操作图像
Pillow是Python中最流行的图像处理库之一,它简单易用,功能强大,适合大多数日常图像处理任务。
安装Pillow
pip install Pillow
基本操作
打开和保存图像
from PIL import Image# 打开图像
img = Image.open('example.jpg')# 显示图像信息
print(f"图像格式: {img.format}")
print(f"图像大小: {img.size}")
print(f"图像模式: {img.mode}")# 保存图像(可以指定不同格式)
img.save('example_copy.jpg') # 保存为JPG
img.save('example.png') # 保存为PNG
img.save('example.webp', quality=80) # 保存为WebP,指定质量
图像缩放
PIL.Image.Image 类包含重新调整图像大小的 resize() 方法,参数为指定新尺寸的元组。
from PIL import Imagedef resize_image(input_path, output_path, new_size):"""调整图像大小Args:input_path: 输入图像路径output_path: 输出图像路径new_size: 新尺寸,格式为(宽, 高)"""try:# 打开原始图像img = Image.open(input_path)# 调整大小resized_img = img.resize(new_size)# 保存调整后的图像resized_img.save(output_path)print(f"已将图像从 {img.size} 调整为 {new_size}")return Trueexcept Exception as e:print(f"调整图像大小时出错: {e}")return False# 使用示例
resize_image('example.jpg', 'example_resized.jpg', (800, 600))
等比例缩放
from PIL import Imagedef resize_image_proportionally(input_path, output_path, max_size):"""等比例调整图像大小,保持宽高比Args:input_path: 输入图像路径output_path: 输出图像路径max_size: 最大尺寸,格式为(最大宽度, 最大高度)"""try:# 打开原始图像img = Image.open(input_path)# 获取原始尺寸width, height = img.size# 计算缩放比例max_width, max_height = max_sizescale = min(max_width / width, max_height / height)# 计算新尺寸new_width = int(width * scale)new_height = int(height * scale)# 调整大小resized_img = img.resize((new_width, new_height))# 保存调整后的图像resized_img.save(output_path)print(f"已将图像从 {img.size} 等比例调整为 {resized_img.size}")return Trueexcept Exception as e:print(f"调整图像大小时出错: {e}")return False# 使用示例
resize_image_proportionally('example.jpg', 'example_resized_prop.jpg', (800, 600))
图像裁剪
from PIL import Imagedef crop_image(input_path, output_path, crop_box):"""裁剪图像Args:input_path: 输入图像路径output_path: 输出图像路径crop_box: 裁剪区域,格式为(左, 上, 右, 下)"""try:# 打开原始图像img = Image.open(input_path)# 裁剪图像cropped_img = img.crop(crop_box)# 保存裁剪后的图像cropped_img.save(output_path)print(f"已裁剪图像,裁剪区域: {crop_box}")return Trueexcept Exception as e:print(f"裁剪图像时出错: {e}")return False# 使用示例
crop_image('example.jpg', 'example_cropped.jpg', (100, 100, 500, 400))
图像旋转
PIL.Image.Image 类包含旋转图像的 rotate() 方法,参数为逆时针旋转的角度。
from PIL import Imagedef rotate_image(input_path, output_path, angle, expand=True):"""旋转图像Args:input_path: 输入图像路径output_path: 输出图像路径angle: 旋转角度(逆时针)expand: 是否扩展画布以适应旋转后的图像"""try:# 打开原始图像img = Image.open(input_path)# 旋转图像rotated_img = img.rotate(angle, expand=expand)# 保存旋转后的图像rotated_img.save(output_path)print(f"已将图像旋转 {angle} 度")return Trueexcept Exception as e:print(f"旋转图像时出错: {e}")return False# 使用示例
rotate_image('example.jpg', 'example_rotated.jpg', 90) # 旋转90度
图像格式转换
Python Imaging Library允许你使用 convert() 方法在不同像素表示之间转换图像,同时可以通过保存时指定不同的扩展名来转换格式。
from PIL import Image
import osdef convert_image_format(input_path, output_format):"""转换图像格式Args:input_path: 输入图像路径output_format: 输出格式(如'png', 'jpg', 'webp'等)"""try:# 打开原始图像img = Image.open(input_path)# 获取文件名(不含扩展名)filename = os.path.splitext(os.path.basename(input_path))[0]# 构建输出路径output_path = f"{filename}.{output_format.lower()}"# 保存为新格式img.save(output_path)print(f"已将图像从 {os.path.splitext(input_path)[1]} 转换为 {output_format}")return output_pathexcept Exception as e:print(f"转换图像格式时出错: {e}")return None# 使用示例
convert_image_format('example.jpg', 'png') # 将JPG转换为PNG
convert_image_format('example.jpg', 'webp') # 将JPG转换为WebP
添加水印
from PIL import Image, ImageDraw, ImageFontdef add_text_watermark(input_path, output_path, text, position=None, color=(255, 255, 255, 128), font_size=40):"""添加文字水印Args:input_path: 输入图像路径output_path: 输出图像路径text: 水印文字position: 水印位置,格式为(x, y),默认为None(居中)color: 水印颜色,格式为(R, G, B, A),默认为半透明白色font_size: 字体大小"""try:# 打开原始图像img = Image.open(input_path).convert("RGBA")# 创建透明图层txt = Image.new('RGBA', img.size, (255, 255, 255, 0))# 获取绘图对象draw = ImageDraw.Draw(txt)# 加载字体try:font = ImageFont.truetype("Arial.ttf", font_size)except IOError:font = ImageFont.load_default()# 计算文本大小text_width, text_height = draw.textsize(text, font)# 如果未指定位置,则居中放置if position is None:position = ((img.width - text_width) // 2, (img.height - text_height) // 2)# 绘制水印文字draw.text(position, text, font=font, fill=color)# 合并图层watermarked = Image.alpha_composite(img, txt)# 保存结果watermarked.convert('RGB').save(output_path)print(f"已添加文字水印: '{text}'")return Trueexcept Exception as e:print(f"添加水印时出错: {e}")return Falsedef add_image_watermark(input_path, output_path, watermark_path, position=None, opacity=0.3):"""添加图像水印Args:input_path: 输入图像路径output_path: 输出图像路径watermark_path: 水印图像路径position: 水印位置,格式为(x, y),默认为None(右下角)opacity: 水印透明度,0-1之间"""try:# 打开原始图像和水印base_image = Image.open(input_path).convert("RGBA")watermark = Image.open(watermark_path).convert("RGBA")# 调整水印大小(可选,这里设为原图的1/4宽度)watermark_width = base_image.width // 4watermark_height = int(watermark.height * watermark_width / watermark.width)watermark = watermark.resize((watermark_width, watermark_height))# 调整水印透明度watermark_with_opacity = Image.new('RGBA', watermark.size, (0, 0, 0, 0))for x in range(watermark.width):for y in range(watermark.height):r, g, b, a = watermark.getpixel((x, y))watermark_with_opacity.putpixel((x, y), (r, g, b, int(a * opacity)))# 如果未指定位置,则放在右下角if position is None:position = (base_image.width - watermark_width - 10, base_image.height - watermark_height - 10)# 创建透明图层transparent = Image.new('RGBA', base_image.size, (0, 0, 0, 0))transparent.paste(watermark_with_opacity, position)# 合并图层watermarked = Image.alpha_composite(base_image, transparent)# 保存结果watermarked.convert('RGB').save(output_path)print(f"已添加图像水印")return Trueexcept Exception as e:print(f"添加水印时出错: {e}")return False# 使用示例
add_text_watermark('example.jpg', 'example_text_watermark.jpg', '© 2023 公司名称')
add_image_watermark('example.jpg', 'example_image_watermark.jpg', 'logo.png')
图像增强
Python Imaging Library提供了许多可用于增强图像的方法和模块。比如 ImageFilter 模块包含许多可以与 filter() 方法一起使用的预定义增强滤波器。
from PIL import Image, ImageEnhance, ImageFilterdef enhance_image(input_path, output_path, brightness=1.0, contrast=1.0, sharpness=1.0, color=1.0):"""增强图像Args:input_path: 输入图像路径output_path: 输出图像路径brightness: 亮度因子,1.0为原始亮度contrast: 对比度因子,1.0为原始对比度sharpness: 锐度因子,1.0为原始锐度color: 色彩因子,1.0为原始色彩"""try:# 打开原始图像img = Image.open(input_path)# 调整亮度if brightness != 1.0:enhancer = ImageEnhance.Brightness(img)img = enhancer.enhance(brightness)# 调整对比度if contrast != 1.0:enhancer = ImageEnhance.Contrast(img)img = enhancer.enhance(contrast)# 调整锐度if sharpness != 1.0:enhancer = ImageEnhance.Sharpness(img)img = enhancer.enhance(sharpness)# 调整色彩if color != 1.0:enhancer = ImageEnhance.Color(img)img = enhancer.enhance(color)# 保存增强后的图像img.save(output_path)print(f"已增强图像")return Trueexcept Exception as e:print(f"增强图像时出错: {e}")return Falsedef apply_filter(input_path, output_path, filter_type):"""应用滤镜Args:input_path: 输入图像路径output_path: 输出图像路径filter_type: 滤镜类型,如'BLUR', 'CONTOUR', 'SHARPEN'等"""try:# 打开原始图像img = Image.open(input_path)# 应用滤镜if filter_type == 'BLUR':filtered_img = img.filter(ImageFilter.BLUR)elif filter_type == 'CONTOUR':filtered_img = img.filter(ImageFilter.CONTOUR)elif filter_type == 'SHARPEN':filtered_img = img.filter(ImageFilter.SHARPEN)elif filter_type == 'EMBOSS':filtered_img = img.filter(ImageFilter.EMBOSS)elif filter_type == 'EDGE_ENHANCE':filtered_img = img.filter(ImageFilter.EDGE_ENHANCE)elif filter_type == 'SMOOTH':filtered_img = img.filter(ImageFilter.SMOOTH)else:print(f"未知滤镜类型: {filter_type}")return False# 保存处理后的图像filtered_img.save(output_path)print(f"已应用 {filter_type} 滤镜")return Trueexcept Exception as e:print(f"应用滤镜时出错: {e}")return False# 使用示例
enhance_image('example.jpg', 'example_enhanced.jpg', brightness=1.2, contrast=1.1, sharpness=1.3)
apply_filter('example.jpg', 'example_blur.jpg', 'BLUR')
apply_filter('example.jpg', 'example_sharpen.jpg', 'SHARPEN')
批量处理图像
import os
from PIL import Imagedef batch_process_images(input_folder, output_folder, process_func, **kwargs):"""批量处理图像Args:input_folder: 输入文件夹路径output_folder: 输出文件夹路径process_func: 处理函数**kwargs: 传递给处理函数的参数"""# 确保输出文件夹存在if not os.path.exists(output_folder):os.makedirs(output_folder)# 获取所有图像文件image_extensions = ('.jpg', '.jpeg', '.png', '.gif', '.bmp', '.webp')image_files = [f for f in os.listdir(input_folder) if os.path.isfile(os.path.join(input_folder, f)) and f.lower().endswith(image_extensions)]# 处理每个图像success_count = 0for image_file in image_files:input_path = os.path.join(input_folder, image_file)output_path = os.path.join(output_folder, image_file)try:# 调用处理函数result = process_func(input_path, output_path, **kwargs)if result:success_count += 1except Exception as e:print(f"处理 {image_file} 时出错: {e}")print(f"批量处理完成,成功处理 {success_count}/{len(image_files)} 个文件")return success_count# 定义一个简单的处理函数(调整大小)
def resize_for_batch(input_path, output_path, width, height):try:img = Image.open(input_path)img = img.resize((width, height))img.save(output_path)return Trueexcept Exception as e:print(f"处理 {input_path} 时出错: {e}")return False# 使用示例
batch_process_images('input_images', 'output_images', resize_for_batch, width=800, height=600)
使用OpenCV处理图像
OpenCV是一个功能更强大的计算机视觉库,适合更复杂的图像处理任务,如图像识别、特征提取、目标检测等。
安装OpenCV
pip install opencv-python
基本操作
import cv2
import numpy as np# 读取图像
img = cv2.imread('example.jpg')# 显示图像信息
print(f"图像形状: {img.shape}") # 返回(高度, 宽度, 通道数)
print(f"图像大小: {img.size}") # 返回像素总数
print(f"图像类型: {img.dtype}") # 返回数据类型# 显示图像(仅在有GUI环境时有效)
cv2.imshow('Image', img)
cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()# 保存图像
cv2.imwrite('example_copy.jpg', img)
图像缩放
import cv2def resize_image_cv2(input_path, output_path, new_size):"""调整图像大小Args:input_path: 输入图像路径output_path: 输出图像路径new_size: 新尺寸,格式为(宽, 高)"""try:# 读取图像img = cv2.imread(input_path)# 调整大小resized_img = cv2.resize(img, new_size)# 保存调整后的图像cv2.imwrite(output_path, resized_img)print(f"已将图像从 {img.shape[1]}x{img.shape[0]} 调整为 {new_size[0]}x{new_size[1]}")return Trueexcept Exception as e:print(f"调整图像大小时出错: {e}")return False# 使用示例
resize_image_cv2('example.jpg', 'example_resized_cv2.jpg', (800, 600))
图像裁剪
import cv2def crop_image_cv2(input_path, output_path, crop_box):"""裁剪图像Args:input_path: 输入图像路径output_path: 输出图像路径crop_box: 裁剪区域,格式为(y_start, y_end, x_start, x_end)"""try:# 读取图像img = cv2.imread(input_path)# 裁剪图像y_start, y_end, x_start, x_end = crop_boxcropped_img = img[y_start:y_end, x_start:x_end]# 保存裁剪后的图像cv2.imwrite(output_path, cropped_img)print(f"已裁剪图像,裁剪区域: {crop_box}")return Trueexcept Exception as e:print(f"裁剪图像时出错: {e}")return False# 使用示例
crop_image_cv2('example.jpg', 'example_cropped_cv2.jpg', (100, 400, 100, 500))
图像旋转
import cv2
import numpy as npdef rotate_image_cv2(input_path, output_path, angle):"""旋转图像Args:input_path: 输入图像路径output_path: 输出图像路径angle: 旋转角度(逆时针)"""try:# 读取图像img = cv2.imread(input_path)# 获取图像中心点height, width = img.shape[:2]center = (width // 2, height // 2)# 创建旋转矩阵rotation_matrix = cv2.getRotationMatrix2D(center, angle, 1.0)# 计算新图像的边界abs_cos = abs(rotation_matrix[0, 0])abs_sin = abs(rotation_matrix[0, 1])new_width = int(height * abs_sin + width * abs_cos)new_height = int(height * abs_cos + width * abs_sin)# 调整旋转矩阵rotation_matrix[0, 2] += new_width / 2 - center[0]rotation_matrix[1, 2] += new_height / 2 - center[1]# 执行旋转rotated_img = cv2.warpAffine(img, rotation_matrix, (new_width, new_height))# 保存旋转后的图像cv2.imwrite(output_path, rotated_img)print(f"已将图像旋转 {angle} 度")return Trueexcept Exception as e:print(f"旋转图像时出错: {e}")return False# 使用示例
rotate_image_cv2('example.jpg', 'example_rotated_cv2.jpg', 45) # 旋转45度
添加水印
import cv2
import numpy as npdef add_text_watermark_cv2(input_path, output_path, text, position=None, color=(255, 255, 255), thickness=2, font_scale=1.0):"""添加文字水印Args:input_path: 输入图像路径output_path: 输出图像路径text: 水印文字position: 水印位置,格式为(x, y),默认为None(居中)color: 水印颜色,格式为(B, G, R),默认为白色thickness: 文字粗细font_scale: 字体大小缩放因子"""try:# 读取图像img = cv2.imread(input_path)# 获取文本大小font = cv2.FONT_HERSHEY_SIMPLEXtext_size = cv2.getTextSize(text, font, font_scale, thickness)[0]# 如果未指定位置,则居中放置if position is None:position = ((img.shape[1] - text_size[0]) // 2, (img.shape[0] + text_size[1]) // 2)# 添加文字水印cv2.putText(img, text, position, font, font_scale, color, thickness)# 保存结果cv2.imwrite(output_path, img)print(f"已添加文字水印: '{text}'")return Trueexcept Exception as e:print(f"添加水印时出错: {e}")return Falsedef add_image_watermark_cv2(input_path, output_path, watermark_path, position=None, alpha=0.3):"""添加图像水印Args:input_path: 输入图像路径output_path: 输出图像路径watermark_path: 水印图像路径position: 水印位置,格式为(x, y),默认为None(右下角)alpha: 水印透明度,0-1之间"""try:# 读取图像和水印img = cv2.imread(input_path)watermark = cv2.imread(watermark_path, cv2.IMREAD_UNCHANGED)# 如果水印有Alpha通道,则分离if watermark.shape[2] == 4:# 分离BGR和Alpha通道bgr = watermark[:, :, 0:3]alpha_channel = watermark[:, :, 3] / 255.0alpha_channel = cv2.merge([alpha_channel, alpha_channel, alpha_channel])else:bgr = watermarkalpha_channel = np.ones(bgr.shape, dtype=bgr.dtype)# 调整水印大小(可选,这里设为原图的1/4宽度)watermark_width = img.shape[1] // 4watermark_height = int(watermark.shape[0] * watermark_width / watermark.shape[1])bgr = cv2.resize(bgr, (watermark_width, watermark_height))alpha_channel = cv2.resize(alpha_channel, (watermark_width, watermark_height))# 如果未指定位置,则放在右下角if position is None:position = (img.shape[1] - watermark_width - 10, img.shape[0] - watermark_height - 10)# 计算ROIx, y = positionh, w = bgr.shape[0], bgr.shape[1]roi = img[y:y+h, x:x+w]# 应用水印result = (1 - alpha * alpha_channel) * roi + alpha * alpha_channel * bgr# 将结果放回原图img[y:y+h, x:x+w] = result# 保存结果cv2.imwrite(output_path, img)print(f"已添加图像水印")return Trueexcept Exception as e:print(f"添加水印时出错: {e}")return False# 使用示例
add_text_watermark_cv2('example.jpg', 'example_text_watermark_cv2.jpg', '© 2023 公司名称')
add_image_watermark_cv2('example.jpg', 'example_image_watermark_cv2.jpg', 'logo.png')
图像增强和滤镜
import cv2
import numpy as npdef adjust_brightness_contrast(input_path, output_path, brightness=0, contrast=1.0):"""调整亮度和对比度Args:input_path: 输入图像路径output_path: 输出图像路径brightness: 亮度调整值,正值增加亮度,负值降低亮度contrast: 对比度调整因子,大于1增加对比度,小于1降低对比度"""try:# 读取图像img = cv2.imread(input_path)# 应用公式:新像素 = 对比度 * 原像素 + 亮度adjusted = cv2.convertScaleAbs(img, alpha=contrast, beta=brightness)# 保存结果cv2.imwrite(output_path, adjusted)print(f"已调整亮度和对比度")return Trueexcept Exception as e:print(f"调整亮度和对比度时出错: {e}")return Falsedef apply_filter_cv2(input_path, output_path, filter_type, kernel_size=5):"""应用滤镜Args:input_path: 输入图像路径output_path: 输出图像路径filter_type: 滤镜类型,如'blur', 'gaussian', 'median', 'bilateral'kernel_size: 核大小"""try:# 读取图像img = cv2.imread(input_path)# 应用滤镜if filter_type == 'blur':filtered_img = cv2.blur(img, (kernel_size, kernel_size))elif filter_type == 'gaussian':filtered_img = cv2.GaussianBlur(img, (kernel_size, kernel_size), 0)elif filter_type == 'median':filtered_img = cv2.medianBlur(img, kernel_size)elif filter_type == 'bilateral':filtered_img = cv2.bilateralFilter(img, kernel_size, 75, 75)else:print(f"未知滤镜类型: {filter_type}")return False# 保存结果cv2.imwrite(output_path, filtered_img)print(f"已应用 {filter_type} 滤镜")return Trueexcept Exception as e:print(f"应用滤镜时出错: {e}")return False# 使用示例
adjust_brightness_contrast('example.jpg', 'example_adjusted_cv2.jpg', brightness=30, contrast=1.2)
apply_filter_cv2('example.jpg', 'example_gaussian_cv2.jpg', 'gaussian')
apply_filter_cv2('example.jpg', 'example_bilateral_cv2.jpg', 'bilateral')
实际应用场景
场景一:产品图片批量处理
import os
from PIL import Image, ImageEnhancedef process_product_images(input_folder, output_folder, target_size=(800, 800), enhance=True):"""批量处理产品图片Args:input_folder: 输入文件夹路径output_folder: 输出文件夹路径target_size: 目标尺寸enhance: 是否增强图像"""# 确保输出文件夹存在if not os.path.exists(output_folder):os.makedirs(output_folder)# 获取所有图像文件image_extensions = ('.jpg', '.jpeg', '.png')image_files = [f for f in os.listdir(input_folder) if os.path.isfile(os.path.join(input_folder, f)) and f.lower().endswith(image_extensions)]print(f"找到 {len(image_files)} 个产品图片")# 处理每个图像for image_file in image_files:input_path = os.path.join(input_folder, image_file)output_path = os.path.join(output_folder, image_file)try:# 打开图像img = Image.open(input_path)# 创建白色背景background = Image.new('RGB', target_size, (255, 255, 255))# 调整图像大小,保持宽高比img_ratio = min(target_size[0] / img.width, target_size[1] / img.height)new_size = (int(img.width * img_ratio), int(img.height * img_ratio))img = img.resize(new_size, Image.LANCZOS)# 将图像居中放置在白色背景上offset = ((target_size[0] - new_size[0]) // 2, (target_size[1] - new_size[1]) // 2)background.paste(img, offset)# 增强图像if enhance:# 增加亮度enhancer = ImageEnhance.Brightness(background)background = enhancer.enhance(1.1)# 增加对比度enhancer = ImageEnhance.Contrast(background)background = enhancer.enhance(1.1)# 增加锐度enhancer = ImageEnhance.Sharpness(background)background = enhancer.enhance(1.2)# 保存处理后的图像background.save(output_path, quality=95)print(f"已处理: {image_file}")except Exception as e:print(f"处理 {image_file} 时出错: {e}")print("产品图片批量处理完成")# 使用示例
# process_product_images('product_images', 'processed_products')
场景二:批量添加水印
import os
from PIL import Image, ImageDraw, ImageFontdef batch_add_watermark(input_folder, output_folder, watermark_text, position=None, font_size=30, opacity=0.5):"""批量添加水印Args:input_folder: 输入文件夹路径output_folder: 输出文件夹路径watermark_text: 水印文字position: 水印位置,格式为(x, y),默认为None(右下角)font_size: 字体大小opacity: 水印透明度,0-1之间"""# 确保输出文件夹存在if not os.path.exists(output_folder):os.makedirs(output_folder)# 获取所有图像文件image_extensions = ('.jpg', '.jpeg', '.png')image_files = [f for f in os.listdir(input_folder) if os.path.isfile(os.path.join(input_folder, f)) and f.lower().endswith(image_extensions)]print(f"找到 {len(image_files)} 个图像文件")# 加载字体try:font = ImageFont.truetype("Arial.ttf", font_size)except IOError:font = ImageFont.load_default()# 处理每个图像for image_file in image_files:input_path = os.path.join(input_folder, image_file)output_path = os.path.join(output_folder, image_file)try:# 打开图像img = Image.open(input_path).convert("RGBA")# 创建透明图层txt = Image.new('RGBA', img.size, (255, 255, 255, 0))draw = ImageDraw.Draw(txt)# 计算文本大小text_width, text_height = draw.textsize(watermark_text, font)# 如果未指定位置,则放在右下角if position is None:position = (img.width - text_width - 20, img.height - text_height - 20)# 绘制水印文字draw.text(position, watermark_text, font=font, fill=(255, 255, 255, int(255 * opacity)))# 合并图层watermarked = Image.alpha_composite(img, txt)# 保存结果watermarked.convert('RGB').save(output_path)print(f"已处理: {image_file}")except Exception as e:print(f"处理 {image_file} 时出错: {e}")print("批量添加水印完成")# 使用示例
# batch_add_watermark('photos', 'watermarked_photos', '© 2023 公司名称')
场景三:图像格式批量转换
import os
from PIL import Imagedef batch_convert_format(input_folder, output_folder, target_format='webp', quality=85):"""批量转换图像格式Args:input_folder: 输入文件夹路径output_folder: 输出文件夹路径target_format: 目标格式,如'jpg', 'png', 'webp'等quality: 图像质量,1-100之间(仅对jpg和webp有效)"""# 确保输出文件夹存在if not os.path.exists(output_folder):os.makedirs(output_folder)# 获取所有图像文件image_extensions = ('.jpg', '.jpeg', '.png', '.gif', '.bmp')image_files = [f for f in os.listdir(input_folder) if os.path.isfile(os.path.join(input_folder, f)) and f.lower().endswith(image_extensions)]print(f"找到 {len(image_files)} 个图像文件")# 处理每个图像for image_file in image_files:input_path = os.path.join(input_folder, image_file)# 获取文件名(不含扩展名)filename = os.path.splitext(image_file)[0]output_path = os.path.join(output_folder, f"{filename}.{target_format.lower()}")try:# 打开图像img = Image.open(input_path)# 如果图像有透明通道且目标格式是JPG,则添加白色背景if img.mode == 'RGBA' and target_format.lower() == 'jpg':background = Image.new('RGB', img.size, (255, 255, 255))background.paste(img, mask=img.split()[3]) # 使用alpha通道作为maskimg = background# 保存为目标格式if target_format.lower() in ('jpg', 'jpeg'):img.convert('RGB').save(output_path, 'JPEG', quality=quality)elif target_format.lower() == 'webp':img.save(output_path, 'WEBP', quality=quality)else:img.save(output_path, target_format.upper())print(f"已转换: {image_file} -> {os.path.basename(output_path)}")except Exception as e:print(f"转换 {image_file} 时出错: {e}")print("批量格式转换完成")# 使用示例
# batch_convert_format('original_images', 'webp_images', 'webp', 85)
通过以上代码示例和应用场景,你可以轻松实现各种图像处理自动化任务,大大提高工作效率。无论是批量处理产品图片、添加水印,还是转换图像格式,Python都能帮你轻松应对。