鸿蒙OSUniApp PWA开发实践：打造跨平台渐进式应用#三方框架 #Uniapp

UniApp PWA开发实践：打造跨平台渐进式应用

前言

在过去的一年里，我们团队一直在探索如何利用UniApp框架开发高性能的PWA应用。特别是随着鸿蒙系统的普及，我们积累了不少有价值的实践经验。本文将分享我们在开发过程中的技术选型、架构设计和性能优化经验，希望能为大家提供一些参考。

技术栈选择

经过多轮技术评估，我们最终确定了以下技术栈：

基础框架：UniApp + Vue3 + TypeScript
PWA框架：Workbox 7.x
状态管理：Pinia
UI框架：uView UI
构建工具：Vite
鸿蒙适配：HMS Core

PWA基础配置

1. manifest.json配置

首先，我们需要在项目根目录下创建一个完整的manifest配置：

{"name": "UniApp PWA Demo","short_name": "PWA Demo","description": "UniApp PWA应用示例","start_url": "/index.html","display": "standalone","background_color": "#ffffff","theme_color": "#42b983","icons": [{"src": "/static/logo-192.png","sizes": "192x192","type": "image/png","purpose": "any maskable"},{"src": "/static/logo-512.png","sizes": "512x512","type": "image/png"}],"related_applications": [{"platform": "harmony","url": "market://details?id=com.example.pwa","id": "com.example.pwa"}]
}

2. Service Worker配置

我们使用Workbox来简化Service Worker的开发。以下是我们的核心配置：

// src/sw/service-worker.ts
import { precacheAndRoute } from 'workbox-precaching';
import { registerRoute } from 'workbox-routing';
import { StaleWhileRevalidate, CacheFirst } from 'workbox-strategies';
import { ExpirationPlugin } from 'workbox-expiration';
import { CacheableResponsePlugin } from 'workbox-cacheable-response';// 预缓存
precacheAndRoute(self.__WB_MANIFEST);// API请求缓存策略
registerRoute(({ url }) => url.pathname.startsWith('/api'),new StaleWhileRevalidate({cacheName: 'api-cache',plugins: [new CacheableResponsePlugin({statuses: [0, 200],}),new ExpirationPlugin({maxEntries: 50,maxAgeSeconds: 24 * 60 * 60, // 1天}),],})
);// 静态资源缓存策略
registerRoute(({ request }) => request.destination === 'image',new CacheFirst({cacheName: 'image-cache',plugins: [new ExpirationPlugin({maxEntries: 60,maxAgeSeconds: 30 * 24 * 60 * 60, // 30天}),],})
);// 鸿蒙系统特殊处理
if (self.platform === 'harmony') {self.addEventListener('fetch', (event) => {if (event.request.url.includes('hms-api')) {// HMS API请求特殊处理event.respondWith(fetch(event.request).then((response) => {const clonedResponse = response.clone();caches.open('hms-api-cache').then((cache) => {cache.put(event.request, clonedResponse);});return response;}).catch(() => {return caches.match(event.request);}));}});
}

离线存储实现

为了提供更好的离线体验，我们实现了一个统一的存储管理器：

// src/utils/StorageManager.ts
import { openDB, IDBPDatabase } from 'idb';
import { Platform } from '@/utils/platform';export class StorageManager {private db: IDBPDatabase | null = null;private platform: Platform;constructor() {this.platform = new Platform();this.initStorage();}private async initStorage() {if (this.platform.isHarmony()) {// 使用HMS Core的存储APIconst storage = uni.requireNativePlugin('storage');this.db = await storage.openDatabase({name: 'pwa-store',version: 1});} else {// 使用IndexedDBthis.db = await openDB('pwa-store', 1, {upgrade(db) {if (!db.objectStoreNames.contains('offline-data')) {db.createObjectStore('offline-data', { keyPath: 'id' });}},});}}async saveData(key: string, data: any) {if (!this.db) return;if (this.platform.isHarmony()) {await this.db.put({table: 'offline-data',data: { id: key, value: data }});} else {const tx = this.db.transaction('offline-data', 'readwrite');await tx.store.put({ id: key, value: data });}}async getData(key: string) {if (!this.db) return null;if (this.platform.isHarmony()) {const result = await this.db.get({table: 'offline-data',key});return result?.value;} else {const tx = this.db.transaction('offline-data', 'readonly');const result = await tx.store.get(key);return result?.value;}}
}

性能优化实践

1. 资源预加载

我们实现了一个智能预加载器来提升应用性能：

// src/utils/Preloader.ts
export class Preloader {private static readonly PRELOAD_ROUTES = ['/home','/profile','/settings'];static init() {// 注册预加载观察器if ('IntersectionObserver' in window) {const observer = new IntersectionObserver((entries) => {entries.forEach(entry => {if (entry.isIntersecting) {const link = entry.target as HTMLLinkElement;if (!link.loaded) {link.loaded = true;import(link.dataset.module!);}}});},{ threshold: 0.1 });// 添加预加载链接this.PRELOAD_ROUTES.forEach(route => {const link = document.createElement('link');link.rel = 'prefetch';link.href = route;link.dataset.module = route;document.head.appendChild(link);observer.observe(link);});}}
}

2. 性能监控

我们开发了一个性能监控模块：

// src/utils/PerformanceMonitor.ts
export class PerformanceMonitor {private metrics: Map<string, number[]> = new Map();trackMetric(name: string, value: number) {if (!this.metrics.has(name)) {this.metrics.set(name, []);}this.metrics.get(name)!.push(value);// 上报到性能监控平台if (this.shouldReport(name)) {this.reportMetrics(name);}}private shouldReport(name: string): boolean {const values = this.metrics.get(name)!;return values.length >= 10;}private reportMetrics(name: string) {const values = this.metrics.get(name)!;const average = values.reduce((a, b) => a + b) / values.length;// 上报逻辑if (uni.getSystemInfoSync().platform === 'harmony') {// 使用HMS Analytics上报const analytics = uni.requireNativePlugin('analytics');analytics.trackEvent({name: `performance_${name}`,value: average});} else {// 使用通用统计SDK上报console.log(`Performance metric ${name}: ${average}`);}// 清空已上报的数据this.metrics.set(name, []);}
}

实战案例：离线优先的新闻应用

以下是一个实际的新闻列表组件示例：

<!-- components/NewsList.vue -->
<template><view class="news-list"><view v-if="!online" class="offline-notice">当前处于离线模式</view><view v-for="article in articles" :key="article.id" class="news-item"@click="handleArticleClick(article)"><image :src="article.image" mode="aspectFill" class="news-image"/><view class="news-content"><text class="news-title">{{ article.title }}</text><text class="news-summary">{{ article.summary }}</text></view></view></view>
</template><script lang="ts">
import { defineComponent, ref, onMounted } from 'vue';
import { StorageManager } from '@/utils/StorageManager';
import { PerformanceMonitor } from '@/utils/PerformanceMonitor';export default defineComponent({name: 'NewsList',setup() {const articles = ref([]);const online = ref(navigator.onLine);const storage = new StorageManager();const performance = new PerformanceMonitor();const loadArticles = async () => {const startTime = performance.now();try {if (online.value) {// 在线模式：从API获取数据const response = await fetch('/api/articles');articles.value = await response.json();// 缓存数据await storage.saveData('articles', articles.value);} else {// 离线模式：从缓存获取数据articles.value = await storage.getData('articles') || [];}} catch (error) {console.error('加载文章失败:', error);// 降级处理：尝试从缓存加载articles.value = await storage.getData('articles') || [];}// 记录性能指标performance.trackMetric('articles_load_time',performance.now() - startTime);};onMounted(() => {loadArticles();// 监听网络状态变化window.addEventListener('online', () => {online.value = true;loadArticles();});window.addEventListener('offline', () => {online.value = false;});});return {articles,online};}
});
</script><style>
.news-list {padding: 16px;
}.offline-notice {background: #fef6e7;padding: 8px;text-align: center;margin-bottom: 16px;border-radius: 4px;
}.news-item {display: flex;margin-bottom: 16px;background: #fff;border-radius: 8px;overflow: hidden;box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
}.news-image {width: 120px;height: 120px;object-fit: cover;
}.news-content {flex: 1;padding: 12px;
}.news-title {font-size: 16px;font-weight: bold;margin-bottom: 8px;
}.news-summary {font-size: 14px;color: #666;line-height: 1.4;
}
</style>